UOM Test 3 - Classical + Romanticism

Classical Period (1750-1825)

Musical Characteristics

The American and French Revolutions, and the Napoleonic Wars

Vienna

Patronage System v. Free-Lance System

Musical Characteristics: Universal, noble/pure, expressive within bounds (of "good” taste + in the eyes of intellectuals), natural, sings well 

The American (George III) and French Revolutions (Shattered Power of French Monarchy): increased nationalism, Napoleonic Wars: Beethoven dedicated Symphony No. 3 to Napoleon but rededicated it to fallen heroes after Napoleon declared himself the emperor of France

Vienna: music center for Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven

Patronage System v. Free-Lance System

Haydn: Symphony Number 56, in C Major

Classical

Symphony - Sonata Form (Exposition, Development, Recapitulation, [Coda])

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Early

Middle

Late

Early: In the style of Haydn and Mozart

Middle: “Heroic,” such as Symphony No. 3 “Eroica”

Late: "Spiritual,” (or introspective) such as Piano Sonata No. 31

Beethoven: Symphony Number 3, in Eb Major, Op. 55

Classical (w/ a mix of Romanticism), uses classical devices (ex. fugue) for non-classical ends

Symphony - Sonata Form

Hemiolas: when rhythms work at cross-purposes with the prevailing meter (triple-meter starts to sound as though it is in duple meter)

Fermata 

Coda - functioned as a second development section

Beethoven embodied the heroic through following stormy, turbulent passages with triumphant, noble themes.

1st movement: sonata form

2nd movement: funeral march

3rd movement: minuet into a scherzo (joke)

4th movement: fugues (episodes + coda)

Romantic Period (1820-1900)

Definition

Musical Characteristics 

The Artist and the Public (“Bohemian Existence”)

Definition: A certain, unexpressible something - unexplainable

Musical Characteristics:

Beethoven: Piano Sonata Number 31, in Ab Major, Op. 110

Classical (w/ a mix of Romanticism) explain why 

Piano

Schubert: Gretchen am Spinnrade

Romantic

Art Song

R. Schumann: Waldesgesprach (“Forest Conversation”)

Romantic

C. Schumann: Fugitive Piece No. 1

Romantic

Piano

Chopin: Nocturne in F-sharp

Romantic

Piano

Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique

Romantic

Symphony

Bellini: Norma, Act I, scene 4

Romantic

Opera

Wagner: Der Ring des Nibelung, Die Walküre

Romantic

Musical Drama