CPL 4

Fermentation Industry

Mold

Among the three: yeast, bacteria, and mold, which is the only multicellular?

Budding

Yeast multiply by

Binary Fusion

Bacteria multiply by

Sporulation

This provides the next cycle for molds as it does with many bacteria 

Submerged Fermentation

A fermentation where microbial culture is added to a sterilized liquid broth in a tank

• Oxidation

• Reduction

• Hydrolysis

• Esterification

What are the chemical processes for doing fermentation?

They are used for longer processes where there’s a high risk of contamination and microbial mutation. 

Why is batch processes more preferred in fermentation?

Ternary Azeotrope Distillation

How to further process ethanol-water azeotrope mixtures to purify up to 100%?

Slops

these are the liquid wastes at the bottom of the beer still which needs to be treated to lessen the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 

Stillage

A portion of the dealcoholized liquid from a previous distillation which is added to the mash in order to lower pH to 4.8 - 5.0; it’s also used as a constituent of animal feed due to its protein and nutrient content

Why is there a need to maintain low pH levels in fermentation tanks?

to inhibit bacterial growth and enhance enzyme activtiy 

By using cooling coils to keep it from exceeding 32-35 deg C

Since the fermentation process is exothermic, having a typical enthalpy of -31.2 kcal, how is temperature controlled inside the tanks?

using quick limes 

It is an old method to absorb the remaining 4-5% water in EtOH-H2O binary azeotropes but has now been largely superseded. 

Benzene

What typical third component is used in ternary azeotropic distillation?

Citric Acid

A highly versatile organic acid with the formula C6H8O7 which is used as an acidulant in food and beverages as well as medicinal applications.

Aspergillus niger

primary strain of fungus used in the aerobic fermentation of citric acid

Staphylococcus Aureus

The discovery of penicillin came from Fleming’s observation that the Penicillium mold inhibited the growth of ______.

beta lactam-thiazolidine

What is the basic structure of penicillin?

R group derivatives

The specific combination of the mold and the substrate composition in the fermentation broth determines the type of penicillin produced 

M group variations

The metal ion or another derivative which controls how the penicillin is administered and its action speed

aerobic batch fermentation

What kind of fermentation process does the penicillin production employ?

Octadecanol

An antifoam agent that is added during fermentation

Solvent Extraction Method

The original method of penicillin recovery using activated carbon adsorption-elution has been replaced by the more efficient ______ as recovery method