Q³—MITOSIS CYCLE

Cell Cycle

• in which the cell is repeated over and over; also reproduction.

Cancer

• this develops when the cell division is abnormal.

Interphase

• state of rest in which the cell is not actively dividing.

Interphase

• has the longest duration of the cycle, because the cell is active in performing metabolic activities.

G¹

• the first subphase of the interphase, in which cellular contents (including the chromosomes) are duplicated.

S

• the second subphase of the interphase, in which the centrosomes and the 46 chromosomes are duplicated.

G²

• the final subphase of the interphase;

• double-checks the duplicated chromosomes, and corrects errors;

• makes sure that the cell is ready for division.

S

• the synthesis phase which, when duplicating chromosomes, result in sister chromatins.

M Phase or Mitosis

• takes place in body cells called somatic cells.

M Phase or Mitosis

• results in two daughter cells from one parent cell.

Cytokinesis

• duplication of cytoplasm (also has DNA).

Chromatins

• very thin and tangled, appear as an irregular mass that is grainy in appearance; in the nucleus.

Sister Chromatids

• two identical copies of chromosomes that are firmly connected in a region called centromere.

Replication

• copying of genetic material.

Checkpoint

• a part of the cell cycle in which makes sure that the cell is ready for the next step.

G¹

• a step of the cell cycle in which includes the synthesis of organelles and protein.

S

• the synthesis phase of the cell cycle.

S

• this step of the cell cycle includes the replication of chromosomes (sister chromatids) and the duplication of centrosomes (in animal cells).

G²

• a step of the cell cycle which includes the preparation for the M Phase/Mitosis.

G²

• a step of the cell cycle where the cell continued to grow, proteins and enzymes are produced, and checks if the DNA is correctly replicated.

Mitosis

• the division of the nucleus into identical nuclei.

Cytokinesis

• the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Chromatin

• a thin fibrous form of DNA and proteins.

Sister Chromatids

• identical structures that result from chromosome replication, formed during S phase.

Centromere

• point where sister chromatids are joined together.

P-arm

• the short arm of the chromosome; upward.

Q-arm

• the long arm of the chromosome, downward.

Telomere

• the tips of the chromosome.

Heterochromatin

• the dark staining region of the chromsome.

Euchromatin

• the light staining region of the chromosome.

Mitosis

• the process in which organisms grow by the addition of cells.

Prophase

• a phase of Mitosis in which the Nuclear Membrane and the Nucleolus break down.

Prophase

• when chromosomes condense,

• microtubules form,

• the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Metaphase

• a phase of Mitosis where the chromosomes line up at the equator/center of the cell (_________ plate)

Metaphase

• a phase of Mitosis where the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.

Anaphase

• a phase of Mitosis in which forces originating from the poles of the cell pull the chromatids,

• centromeres divide,

• and chromosomes migrate toward their respective poles.

Telophase

• the final phase/stage of Mitosis.

Telophase

• a stage of Mitosis in which the chromosomes uncoil at the opposite poles.

Telophase

• a stage of Mitosis when the nucleolus and nuclear membrane begin to reform.

Telophase

• the stage of Mitosis where the formation of the new plasma membrane completely divides the cell into two identical daughter cells.

Anaphase

• when centromeres divide,

• spindle fibers pull one set of chromosomes to each pole,

  • involves precise alignment (critical to division).

Telophase

• when the nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes,

• chromosomes uncoil,

• cytokinesis occurs.