Ch. 3 Integumentary System TEST Diseases, conditions, treatments, skin layers

What are the functions of the skin?

Protection, Body temperature maintenance, excretion, perception of stimuli

Epidermis

outmost layer of skin composed of densley packed cells

Dermis

also called the corium and lies below the epidermis

Sebaceous Gland

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

collagen

Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength

Sweat Glands

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin and extend into the epidermis

alopecia

hair loss due to genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain conditions

first degree burn

characterized by superficial epidermal injury; erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters (sunburn)

second degree burn

characterized by epidermal and dermal injury, erythema, blisters and hyperesthesia

third-degree burn

burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis. produces severe hyperesthesia or anesthesia, depending on nerve damage

cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to insufficient blood oxygen of poor circulation

ecchymosis

black and blue purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin

eczema

acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness and edema. Also called dermatitis

gangrene

necrosis, or death, of tissue due to loss of blood supply, followed by bacterial infection

basal cell carcinoma

slow-growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer; seldom metastasizes

malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer; cancerous growth of melanocytes. Begins as an irregularly shaped macule then changes color and texture

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis; may grow in others organs lined with epithelial cells (mouth, lungs, cervix)

cyst

closed, thick-walled sac or pouch of fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structure of the body

macule

flat, discolored lesion on the skin (freckle)

nevus

highly pigmented lesion of the skin that can be flat OR raised (mole)

nodule

solid, raised skin elevation larger than 1 cm diameter. can be found in epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous layer

papule

a solid skin elevation with distinct borders. less that 1 cm in size; pimple

polyp

a small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane

pustule

small, infected skin elevation containing pus (abscess)

ulcer

open sore or erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane

vesicle

small, raised skin lesion filled with clear fluid; blister

wheal

smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; a characteristic of hives

petechiae

round pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage

psoriasis

chronic condition marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches

purpura

a purple or brownish rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes

scleroderma

chronic, progressive disease of the skin maked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue. Causes edema or pain in muscles or joints

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

tinea

a skin infection caused by a fungus

urticaria

Hives with localized swelling and itching

biopsy

the removal of living tissue from the body for microscopic examination

excisional biopsy

surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor

incisional biopsy

removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

needle biopsy

biopsy procedure in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination

punch biopsy

biopsy done with a small, circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis into the subcutaneous layer producing a cylindrical core sample

autograft

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

cauterization

destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument or an electric current

curettage

removal of tissue by scraping the surface; common tx for basal cell carcinoma

debridement

removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing (common in bedsores & burns)

incision and drainage (I&D)

incision made through the skin to drain fluid or and abscess

liposuction

the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction

anesthetic

drug that causes reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to deaden pain temporarily

antibiotic

a drug used to fight off or prevent infection

antifungal

a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungal infections like ringworm of athlete's foot

antipruritic

a drug that relieves itching

antiviral

a drug used to prevent viral infections such as influenza or herpes

biologic

drug derived from living organisms through molecular biology techniques. They work like parts of the immune system and can disrupt the autoimmune response

corticosteroid

drugs used to treat skin conditions linked to autoimmune diseases like exzema and psoriasis

immunosuppressant

drug used to treat certain conditions by suppressing the immune system

oral drugs ( po drugs)

drugs administered by mouth or orally

transdermal drugs

Travel through skin and into bloodstream

PRN

as needed

Bx

biopsy

CA

cancer

HEENT

head, ears, eyes, nose, throat

Hx

history

RA

rheumatoid arthritis

SLE

SOB

shortness of breath

sq; subcu; subq

subcutaneous

dermatologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin