HUMANIZATION AND HOMOGENIZATION

Homonization

The evolutionary process of human development from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens sapiens.

Homo habilis

Known as the "handyman"; lived approximately 2.1–1.5 million years ago during the Gelasian Pleistocene period. Credited with the earliest known stone tools and showed creative tool-making abilities.

Homo erectus

Lived approximately 1.9 million–140,000 years ago. Had a larger brain, used tools, made and controlled fire, was carnivorous, lived in groups, spread from Africa to Asia and Europe, and lived in caves. Also known as Upright Man

Homo sapiens

Known as the Wise Man. Followed Homo erectus and separated into two types: Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens sapiens. Both types are skillful and smart.

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis

Lived approximately 240,000–40,000 years ago. Had a larger brain than modern humans, was powerful and muscular, lived in caves, hunted in groups, and used hunting tools.

Homo sapiens sapiens

Modern humans (c. 300,000 years ago–Present). Smaller than Neanderthals, with a rounded skull, smaller jaw, chin, brain size of about 1300 cc, omnivorous diet, skillful hands, advanced thinking, art, sophisticated tools, and developed sentiments.

Evolution

A continuing process in which humans undergo natural selection based on their environment and way of life.

Humanization

The long process of improving human life through innovation, discovery, enhanced routines, and technology to maximize human potential.

Preindustrial Societies

Small, rural societies dependent on local resources, with limited production and few specialized occupations.

Hunter-Gatherer Society

Nomadic societies that survived by hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants.

• Kinship or tribes

• Nomadic

Pastoral Society

Societies that relied on the domestication of animals for food, clothing, and transportation; remained nomadic and developed trade.

Horticultural Society

Societies that cultivated crops, established permanent settlements, and became more stable.

• Areas where conditions allowed them to grow plants

Agricultural Society

Societies that used permanent farming tools, crop rotation, and fertilizers, producing food surpluses and allowing the development of music, poetry, and philosophy.

This period became referred to as the “dawn of civilization” by some because of the development of leisure and humanities.

Feudal Society

A hierarchical society based on land ownership, where lords granted land to vassals, and peasants cultivated the land in exchange for protection.

Industrial Society

Society was transformed by the Industrial Revolution, characterized by technological inventions, mechanized production, increased agricultural productivity, urbanization, and the emergence of sociology.

Industrial Revolution

The 18th- and 19th-century period of rapid technological advancement that changed production, agriculture, and everyday life.

Postindustrial (Information) Society

A society based on the production of information and services rather than material goods.

Digital Technology

The driving force of information societies, comparable to the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution.

Knowledge Economy

An economy where power and success depend on creating, storing, and distributing information.

Service-Based Employment

Work focused on providing services (e.g., software programmers, business consultants) rather than producing goods.

Education and Technical Skills

The primary basis of social class and success in an information society.