sexology week 7

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71 Terms

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gender role
set of norms or culturally set expectations that define how people of 1 gender ought to behave

* heterosexuality is important part (women are expected to be sexually attractive to men)
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stereotype
generalisation about a group of people that distinguishes those from others
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intersectionality
simultaneously considers meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage
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Jezebel
promiscuous and immoral

* stereotype of black women
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Gold digger
uses sex to gain economic rewards from men

* stereotype of black women
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sister savior
strongly tied to african american religious traditions, is virtuous, avoids sex

* stereotype of black women
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hypersexual
stereotype about black men

* great sexual prowess
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acculturation
process of incorporating beliefs and customs of new culture

* ex: latinos in america
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native americans
some tribes had egalitarian gender roles until anglo society

* 3d gender: “two-spirit”
* not homosexual if: man and two-spirit male were together
* 3d gender role: manly hearted woman
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socialisation
ways in which society conveys individual its norms or expectations for their behaviour

* especially in childhood: learning theory
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photoplethysmography
acrylic cylinder placed inside vagina

* measures physiological arousal
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arousal to erotic content
women and men don’t really differ in responses

* women are sometimes unaware of own physical arousal
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1/10th
how much testosterone (activating sexual behaviour) do women have in comparison to males
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cultural factors for differences in sexuality
double standard, gender roles, marital and family roles, body image issues
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35 or 40 y/o
when women reach their sexual peak

* men: 19 y/o
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person-centered sex
sexual expression with emphasis on relationship and emotions

* adolescent female sexuality
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body-centered sex
sexual expression with emphasis on body and physical pleasure

* adolescent male sexuality
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transgender
people whose gender identity does not match their natal gender based on genital appearance
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transsexuals
people whose gender identity does not match their natal gender

* undergo surgery or hormone therapy
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male-to-female transsexual (MTF or trans woman)
natal gendre was male and gender identity is female
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trans
umbrella term for: transsexual, transgender, cross dresing, gender nonconforming, gender fluid, genderqueer…

* 0.5-1% of population
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gender dysphoria
psychological distress about mismatch between one’s gender identity and natal gender

* diagnosis is needed for insured treatment (hormone or surgery)
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anti-trans prejudice
negatie attitudes and behaviours toward trans individuals
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androphilic
trans woman attracted to men
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gynephilic
trans woman attracted to women
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late-onset trans adults
more likely to be attracted to the same gender
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metoidioplasty
penis created by clitoris

* for trans men
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social transition
open expression of gender idenityt without medical treatment

\
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sexual variation
abnormal sexual behaviour

* sexual deviance, pervasion, variance, paraphilias
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discomfort, inefficiency, bizarreness
psychological approach of sexual variation

* 3 criteria
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paraphilias
intense and persistent unconventional sexual interests

* fetishisim, transvestism, sexual sadism, sexual masochism, voyeurism, pedophilia
* atypical sexual interests
* not mental disorders
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fetishism
sexual fixation on some nonliving object to produce or enhance sexual arousal with or within absence of partner
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classical conditioning
learning theorists theory to how fetishes result
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transvestic disorder
practice of dressing as opposite sex in order to experience sexual excitement

* causes emotional distress or impairs social/interpersonal functioning
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men
most sexual variations are practiced by
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heterosexual men
vast majority of cross-dressing men are
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sexual sadist
person who experiences sexual arousal from physical or psychological harm of another
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sexual masochist
person who experiences intense sexual arousal from acts of being humiliated, beaten, bound or otherwise made to suffer

* manifested by urges, fantasies, behaviours
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paraphilic disorder
sexual sadism or masochism experienced for at least 6 months and causing distress or impairment
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bondage or discipline
use of physically straining devices or psychologically restraining commands as central aspect of sexual interactions
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dominance and submission
interaction that involves consensual exchange of power
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sadomasochistic behaviour
deriving pleasure, often of a sexual nature, from the infliction of physical or psychological pain on another person or on oneself or both.

* S-M
* heterosexuals majority
* scripted
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escape of male role
theory that masochist is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness

* escape from heavy pressures etc
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professional dominants
exist because most men and women prefer to be bottoms
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dominance and submission
key to S-M

* controlled by elaborate scripts
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voyeur
sexual preference for observing others, typically adult females, engaged in intimate activity (e.g., bathing, undressing, or engaging in sexual behavior).

* paraphilia when manifested by urges, fantasies or behaviours (at least 6 months)
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exhibitionist
sexual gratification from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting person
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hypersexuality
extraordinarily high level of sexual activity and sex drive → compulsive sexual behaviours

→ lack of control

* nymphomania in women
* satyriasis in men
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compulsive masturbation, protracted promiscuity, porn dependency
most common unconventional behaviours
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exhibitionism, voyeurism, pedophilia
most common paraphilias linked to hypersexuality
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(lack of) control, consequences, coping
three underlying factors of hypersexuality
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impersonal sexual activity
hypersexuality in women is associated with
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asexuallity
lack of sexual attraction, not a desire disorder

* masturbate just not interested in sex with others
* not a sexual orientation
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cybersex
participants more likely are

* gay
* spend more time online
* have more offline sex partners
* high co-occurence with depression, substance abuse
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asphyxiophilia
desire to induce oneself in a state of o2 deficiency to create sexual arousal or enhance sexual excitement and orgasm

* rope, pillow, plastic bag
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zoophilia
(sodomy, bestiality) sexual contact with animal

* more often in boys (living on farms)
* receiving oral and anal sex with dogs
* performing vaginal and anal sex with horses
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frotteurism
sexual fantasies, urges, behaviours involving touching or rubbing one’s genitals against body of non-consenting person

* usually in crowded public place
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troilism
sexual encounter involving 3 people

* often with one of them being voyeur
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saliromania
desire to damage/soil a woman on her clothes or image of woman (painting or statue)
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coprophilia
(and urophilia) excretion-related

* feces are important to sexual satisfaction
* urophilia: urine is important
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necrophilia
sexual contact with dead person

* body may be mutilated after
* extreme deviant behav
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sexsomnia
sleep sex

* automatic, unintentional sexual behaviours during first 2 hours of sleep (non-REM)
* more often with men
* can lead to negative self-esteem
* more of sleep disorder
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1. gender identity
2. sexual responsiveness
3. formation of relationships with others
components of sexual development

* disturbance in different components lead to different sexual variations
* child should have healthy development in all 3 components
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CPA drug
binds to all androgen receptors → treats sexual variations
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LA drug
suppresses androgen production and reduces sexual fantasies and drive

* if used continuously
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antidepressants
change obsessive-compulsive parts of sexual variation behaviours

* not necessarily the desire tho
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sex addicts anonymous
SAA
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sex and love addicts anonymous
SLAA
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sex compulsives anonymous
SCA
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CBT
only form of therapy to show consistent effectiveness


1. largest effect with rapists
2. then exhibitionists
3. smallest effect with intrafamily child sex offenders
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multisystemic therapy
prevents reoffense by juveniles