psychological distress about mismatch between one’s gender identity and natal gender
* diagnosis is needed for insured treatment (hormone or surgery)
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anti-trans prejudice
negatie attitudes and behaviours toward trans individuals
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androphilic
trans woman attracted to men
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gynephilic
trans woman attracted to women
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late-onset trans adults
more likely to be attracted to the same gender
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metoidioplasty
penis created by clitoris
* for trans men
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social transition
open expression of gender idenityt without medical treatment
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sexual variation
abnormal sexual behaviour
* sexual deviance, pervasion, variance, paraphilias
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discomfort, inefficiency, bizarreness
psychological approach of sexual variation
* 3 criteria
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paraphilias
intense and persistent unconventional sexual interests
* fetishisim, transvestism, sexual sadism, sexual masochism, voyeurism, pedophilia * atypical sexual interests * not mental disorders
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fetishism
sexual fixation on some nonliving object to produce or enhance sexual arousal with or within absence of partner
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classical conditioning
learning theorists theory to how fetishes result
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transvestic disorder
practice of dressing as opposite sex in order to experience sexual excitement
* causes emotional distress or impairs social/interpersonal functioning
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men
most sexual variations are practiced by
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heterosexual men
vast majority of cross-dressing men are
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sexual sadist
person who experiences sexual arousal from physical or psychological harm of another
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sexual masochist
person who experiences intense sexual arousal from acts of being humiliated, beaten, bound or otherwise made to suffer
* manifested by urges, fantasies, behaviours
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paraphilic disorder
sexual sadism or masochism experienced for at least 6 months and causing distress or impairment
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bondage or discipline
use of physically straining devices or psychologically restraining commands as central aspect of sexual interactions
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dominance and submission
interaction that involves consensual exchange of power
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sadomasochistic behaviour
deriving pleasure, often of a sexual nature, from the infliction of physical or psychological pain on another person or on oneself or both.
* S-M * heterosexuals majority * scripted
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escape of male role
theory that masochist is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness
* escape from heavy pressures etc
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professional dominants
exist because most men and women prefer to be bottoms
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dominance and submission
key to S-M
* controlled by elaborate scripts
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voyeur
sexual preference for observing others, typically adult females, engaged in intimate activity (e.g., bathing, undressing, or engaging in sexual behavior).
* paraphilia when manifested by urges, fantasies or behaviours (at least 6 months)
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exhibitionist
sexual gratification from exposing genitals to an unsuspecting person
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hypersexuality
extraordinarily high level of sexual activity and sex drive → compulsive sexual behaviours
* masturbate just not interested in sex with others * not a sexual orientation
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cybersex
participants more likely are
* gay * spend more time online * have more offline sex partners * high co-occurence with depression, substance abuse
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asphyxiophilia
desire to induce oneself in a state of o2 deficiency to create sexual arousal or enhance sexual excitement and orgasm
* rope, pillow, plastic bag
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zoophilia
(sodomy, bestiality) sexual contact with animal
* more often in boys (living on farms) * receiving oral and anal sex with dogs * performing vaginal and anal sex with horses
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frotteurism
sexual fantasies, urges, behaviours involving touching or rubbing one’s genitals against body of non-consenting person
* usually in crowded public place
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troilism
sexual encounter involving 3 people
* often with one of them being voyeur
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saliromania
desire to damage/soil a woman on her clothes or image of woman (painting or statue)
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coprophilia
(and urophilia) excretion-related
* feces are important to sexual satisfaction * urophilia: urine is important
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necrophilia
sexual contact with dead person
* body may be mutilated after * extreme deviant behav
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sexsomnia
sleep sex
* automatic, unintentional sexual behaviours during first 2 hours of sleep (non-REM) * more often with men * can lead to negative self-esteem * more of sleep disorder
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1. gender identity 2. sexual responsiveness 3. formation of relationships with others
components of sexual development
* disturbance in different components lead to different sexual variations * child should have healthy development in all 3 components
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CPA drug
binds to all androgen receptors → treats sexual variations
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LA drug
suppresses androgen production and reduces sexual fantasies and drive
* if used continuously
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antidepressants
change obsessive-compulsive parts of sexual variation behaviours
* not necessarily the desire tho
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sex addicts anonymous
SAA
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sex and love addicts anonymous
SLAA
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sex compulsives anonymous
SCA
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CBT
only form of therapy to show consistent effectiveness
1. largest effect with rapists 2. then exhibitionists 3. smallest effect with intrafamily child sex offenders