Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to the musculoskeletal system, focusing on bone structure, function, types of joints, and related processes.

Musculoskeletal System

The organ system that enables humans and other animals to move using the muscular and skeletal systems.

Bone functions

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone.

Hematopoiesis

The process of producing blood cells, which occurs in the bone marrow.

Compact Bone

Dense bone that forms the outer layer of bones and contains osteons.

Cancellous Bone

Also known as spongy bone; it contains open spaces and is lighter than compact bone.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete the bone matrix—bone builders

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that break down bone tissue—bone crushers

Cartilage

A type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility; it is avascular.

Synovial Joint

A type of joint that allows for a range of movement and contains a fluid-filled joint cavity.

Fibrous Joint

A joint where bones are closely fitted together and are generally immovable.

Cartilaginous Joint

A joint where bones are connected by cartilage and have limited movement.

Calcium Homeostasis

The process of maintaining adequate levels of calcium in the blood and bones.

Fracture

A break in the continuity of the bone.

Greenstick Fracture

An incomplete fracture common in children, where the bone bends and partially breaks.

Bursa

A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving structures in joints.

Articular Cartilage

Smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints to reduce friction.

Parathyroid hormone

Hormone that regulates blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to release calcium.

Calcitonin

Hormone that lowers blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoblasts to take up calcium.

Long Bone

A type of bone that is longer than it is wide, such as the humerus or femur.

Flat Bone

A type of bone that is thin and flat, such as the sternum.

Sesamoid Bone

A bone embedded within a tendon, such as the patella.

Bone Remodeling

The ongoing process of replacing old bone tissue with new bone tissue.

Joint Capsule

A fibrous tissue structure that encases a synovial joint.

Meniscus

A fibrocartilage pad located in some synovial joints, providing cushioning and stability.

Osteocytes

mature, non-dividing osteoblasts—bone managers