harder ones

What are the different types of ladders, key access equipment information and general information?

Ladders should be placed at and angle of 75 degrees or 1 in 4 and should protrude 1 meter or 5 rungs. Check ladder such as, cracks, damaged rungs or anti slip pads. Never use a painted ladder. Ladders should be before use and every 3 months.

• Most common type of ladder or step ladder is Class EN 131 (replaces old British standard class 2) : commercial light trade use - max load 150kg. Fibreglass material mainly.

• Class 1: Blue

• Class 3: Red

• Pole ladders - used for access scaffold, can be up to 12m in length.

• Extension ladders, can be split into sections which can be extended to reach the required height.

• Telescopic ladder, 780mm closed but stretches to 3.3m when extended.

How can support, fall prevention and general safety can be introduced?

Depths exceeding 1.2m is when supports and control measurers need to be introduced such as guard rails to prevent falls, scaffold supported by timbering and props and exposed services are supported. stop blocks and safe separation need to be introduced to stop plant falling into excavations as well as, barriers to protect the public. Create steps and provide ladder access or other safe ways of getting in and out of the excavation.

What are BS 3036 semi-enclosed rewireable fuses used for , made of, pros and cons of this fuse and how are they colour coded?

This is a safety devices used to protect electrical circuits from overcurrent and short circuits.

• Consists of a fuse holder, carrier (porcelain/Bakelite), and fuse wire element

• Works by the fuse wire melting when excessive current flows, breaking the circuit

Colour codes:
5 A white
15 A blue
20 A yellow
30 A red
45 A green

Advantages:

• Cheap

• Can be rewired and reused

Disadvantages:

• Can be rewired incorrectly

• Slow to operate

• Inconsistent performance

• Risk of exposed live parts

• Fire risk if incorrect wire used

• Needs replacing after operation

What are the roles in construction and what do each role do?

• Project manager - pays for the project and decides what gets built

• Contracts manager - controls the whole project

• Oversees multiple sites/contacts and makes sure project run profitability

• Site manager - runs one construction site day to day

• Supervisor - organises workers and checks work is completed correctly

• Foreman - leads one specific trade team and allocates work

What is the maximum voltage to earth of a single-phase reduced low voltage supply used on a construction site?

55 V

What each person of a organisation does?

• Client → The person paying / wants the building done

• Architect → Designs the building

• Clerk of works → Checks work quality

• Quantity Surveyor (QS) → Works out materials and costs

• Estimator (not one of the answers but your question) → Prices jobs / quotes work

Which electrical insulation material absorbs moisture if left exposed to the atmosphere?

Magnesium oxide

• Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used in MICC cable (mineral insulated copper cable)

• It’s hygroscopic → means it absorbs moisture from air

• That’s why cable ends need protecting/sealing

How is MICC cable constructed and when is it used?

MICC (Mineral Insulated Copper Clad) cables are used in fixed wiring installations where the circuit must continue operating during fire conditions, such as fire alarm systems, emergency lighting, and smoke control systems.

They are constructed with one or more copper conductors surrounded by magnesium oxide powder insulation and enclosed within a seamless copper outer sheath. The magnesium oxide provides electrical insulation and fire resistance, while the copper sheath provides mechanical protection.

What is Fleming’s Right Hand Rule?

• Thumb → Motion

• First finger → Field

• Second finger → Current

motor effect formula?

Force = Flux density × Current × Length

• Force → N

• Flux density → T

• Current → A

• Length → m ← watch mm to m conversions

What is IDC and what its used for mainly?

IDC = Insulation Displacement Connector

IDC:

• don’t strip insulation

• push wire into connector

• metal cuts through insulation and contacts conductor

Its used mostly in ELV telecommunication

What is the minimum height that a socket-outlet can be mounted from the finished floor level of a new domestic premises, to comply with Building Regulations?

450mm

Who is responsible for what in a customer intake area (meter, service head, CU, meter tails, etc)

• Consumer

• Supplier → electricity meter

• DNO / Network operator → service head / incoming supply

• Consumer → consumer unit + meter tails

What is each publication used for?

• Guidance Note 3 → inspection & testing

• On-Site Guide → practical tables & diversity

• Approved Document P → domestic Building Regs

• BS 7671 → wiring regulations / requirements

Difference between exposed and extraneous bonding conductors?

Exposed = electrical metal
Extraneous = outside metal