Unit 6.1: Physical Methods of Microbial Control

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Last updated 10:11 PM on 6/26/26
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13 Terms

1
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What are the six Physical Methods of Microbial Control?

  1. Heat

  2. Cold

  3. Dessication

  4. Pressure

  5. Filtration

  6. Radiation

2
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What are moist heat examples?

Moist heat includes:

  • Boiling: kills bacteria, fungi and most viruses (not endospores)

  • Autoclave: most effective form of sterilization

    • Uses steam under pressure

<p>Moist heat includes:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Boiling</strong>: kills <strong>bacteria</strong>, <strong>fungi</strong> and <strong>most</strong> <strong>viruses</strong> (<strong>not</strong> <strong>endospores</strong>)</p></li><li><p><strong>Autoclave: most</strong> <strong>effective</strong> <strong>form</strong> of <strong>sterilization</strong></p><ul><li><p>Uses <strong>steam</strong> <strong>under</strong> <strong>pressure</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the standard protocol of the autoclave?

  • Usual protocol: 121°C, 15psi, 15+ min

4
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What are dry heat examples?

Dry heat includes:

  • Direct flaming

  • Hot-air sterilization

<p>Dry heat includes:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Direct flaming</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Hot-air sterilization</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is Pasteurization?

Pasteurization is mild heating of a liquid or food to kill pathogens to extend shelf life

<p>Pasteurization is <strong>mild</strong> <strong>heating</strong> of a <strong>liquid</strong> or <strong>food</strong> to <strong>kill</strong> <strong>pathogens</strong> to <strong>extend</strong> <strong>shelf</strong> <strong>life</strong> </p>
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What are Cold examples?

Cold examples:

  • Refrigeration (0-7°C) slows bacterial growth (bacteriostatic)

  • Slow freezing <-2°C lead to the growth of ice crystals, which damage proteins and cell structures causing rupturing in cells

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What is Dessication?

Dessication is lyophilization, which is the rapid removal of water and is used for preservation

<p>Dessication is <strong>lyophilization</strong>, which is the <strong>rapid removal </strong>of <strong>water </strong>and is used for <strong>preservation</strong></p>
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What does Dessication do to the bacteria?

Dessication stops the bacteria from reproducing (bacteriostatic)

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What is Pressure?

Pressure is the use of osmotic pressure by using high concentrations of salt or sugar to remove water from microbes

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What is Filtration?

Filtration is the passage of a liquid or gas through a material with pores small enough to retain microbes

<p>Filtration is the <strong>passage </strong>of a <strong>liquid </strong>or <strong>gas </strong>through a <strong>material </strong>with <strong>pores </strong>small enough to <strong>retain microbes</strong></p>
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What is an example of Filtration?

An example of filtration is HEPA filters for air

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What is Ionizing Radiation?

Ionizing radiation is a high energy radiation that reacts with water, making toxic compounds that can destroy DNA

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What is Non-ionizing Radiation?

Non-ionizing radiation uses UV rays that damage DNA