A&P Test 3

What are the kidneys functions?

recieves 20% of cardiac output

What is the most superficial layer of kidney?

Renal Fascia

What do the Ureters do?

prevents backflow of urine

Digestion refers to the process by which:

complex molecules are broken down into simple ones

which components are part of more than one organ system

pancreas, pharynx

what describes the role of the epiglottis in digestion?

prevents food from entering the lungs

which is the incorrectly matched pair?

proteins to nucleic acids

patient complains of severe diarrhea when eating fatty foods. this suggests a disorder of:

gallbladder

name the shortest segment of the small intestine

duodenum

which cell contributes to the function of immune surveillance in the small intestine?

Peyer’s patch

what is not secreted into the stomach?

mucus

what is not a component of saliva?

peptidase

which tissue layers contain nerves?

muscularis externa, serosa, submucosa (3 of the above)

which cell is correctly matched with its secretion?

ECL cell; histamine

during the epiglottis bend, which has an involuntary sphincter muscle reaction?

upper esophageal sphincter

what stomach phase responds to the Vagus nerve and Vagovagal reflex?

Gastric

Which disease is backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus and can cause heartburn?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Which amino acid is not produced by our body?

Tryptophan

Which polysaccharide is difficult for humans to digest?

Cellulose

Which is incorrectly matched?

Vitamin C; enhances calcium absorption

After eating a meal during the absorptive stage, which would you expect to see in the blood?

High concentration of blood insulin

During what step in cellular metabolism do electron gradients produce the most ATP?

during oxidative phosphorylation; associated with electron transport chain

Which of the listed expenditures has the most variability?

Physical activity

Where do the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation reactions occur?

in mitochondria

Based on ATP production there is no difference with 1 molecule of glucose versus 2 molecules of pyruvate

False

Why is glucose an important fuel source?

Cellular glucose metabolism yields 36-38 ATP per molecule of glucose

To calculate your BMI you need to know what?

height and weight

which of these items are good for your overall health and not associated with heart disease?

higher levels of HDL

Which is not a macronutrient?

Minerals

Which of these ingredients are important for bone development?

Calcium, Vitamin D, Protein, Phosphorus (all)

General functions of lipids

myelin sheath, energy, protective function, vitamin D production (all)

Connective tissue layers from inside to outside:

renal capsule, perirenal fat capsule, renal fascia

A child drank chemicals and was able to produce CO2 but had low ATP, what stage did it start effecting him?

Glycolysis stage

someone was prescribed with medicine and they have a 50% gfr clearance so why do they need to take the medication 3 times a day?

filtered and secreted

What deficiency causes rickets?

lack of vitamin D/calcium

Which category is not on the BMI?

skinny

What protein breaks down carbs?

Amylase & carbs

What part relates to the aldosterone?

Angiotensin 2

Difference between Peristalsis and Segmentation?

Peristalsis: Bolus moves forward

Segmentation: Bolus gets mixed in with digestive secretions

4 layers of digestive tract?

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa

What can increase GFR?

Vasodilation

What can decrease GFR?

Arteriole dilation

Function of epiglottis?

protect airways from food and allows air to pass into larynx/lungs

What is the PCT involved in?

Reabsorption

What is secreted into the small intestine?

Peptidases, GIP, CCK, and secretin released into bloodstream

What is the largest part of the small intestine?

ileum