Lecture 10 – Other Functional Groups Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to functional groups, isomerism, and molecular properties discussed in the lecture.

Alcohols

Organic compounds with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkyl group.

Hydroxyl group

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH).

Stereoisomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.

Chiral center

A carbon atom with four different substituents, leading to non-superimposable mirror images.

Enantiomers

Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.

Carbonyl

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).

Aldehydes

Compounds where the carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Ketones

Compounds where the carbonyl carbon is connected to two other carbon atoms.

Carboxylic acids

Compounds that contain a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group (–COOH).

Ethers

Compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Amines

Organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups.

Thiols

Compounds that contain a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and an alkyl or aryl group (–SH).

Amides

Compounds derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group.

Polarity

A property of molecules that determines how they interact with other polar or non-polar substances.

Acidity

A measure of how readily a compound donates protons (H+) in a solution.

Basicity

A measure of how readily a compound accepts protons (H+) in a solution.