Power Engineering Impact on the Environment - Review Questions

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about power engineering impact on the environment.

Environmental Protection Law Act

The most important national legal act regulating the impact of energy on the environment.

Soil

In formal terms, the upper layer of the lithosphere.

Air

In formal terms, the troposphere.

Electromagnetic radiation

Heat exchange between the Earth and space.

Greenhouse effect

The absorption of the Earth's crust radiation by certain gases in the atmosphere.

Water vapor

The largest gas responsible for the greenhouse effect.

Freon

A greenhouse gas not found in nature.

China

Country that emits the most CO2 from burning fossil fuels.

Nitric oxide

A colorless, slightly toxic gas.

PM10 Dust

Particles that easily penetrate the upper respiratory tract.

Nitrogen dioxide

A brown, highly toxic gas.

40 billion tons

Current annual global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion.

Decreasing systematically

Emissions of sulfur oxides from energy in Poland in recent years.

Burning fossil fuels in the energy sector

The greatest contributor to NOx emissions in Poland.

Coal

The largest amount of sulfur oxides comes from burning this.

Natural gas

The least amount of dust is produced from burning this.

Fuel fragmentation and type of furnace

Has the greatest impact on dust emissions from solid fuel boilers.

t/GJ

The unit emission rate of SO2 that best assesses the impact of energy production technology on environmental pollution.

Fluidized bed boilers

The lowest NOx emissions are obtained for these types of boilers.

Pyrites

Compounds of sulfur with iron.

Pyrites

Sulfur occurs most often in energy coal in this form.

Limiting sulfur oxide emissions

A high content of calcium and magnesium oxides in the ash of energy coal causes this.

Destruction of coal feeders

A high content of pyrite sulfur in coal causes this.

FeS2

The chemical formula for pyrite.

Nitrogen contained in the fuel

Fuel nitrogen oxides are formed from this.

NO oxide

Fuel nitrogen oxides are mainly this.

Reduces the amount of nitrogen oxides

Combustion under oxygen deficiency does this.

Nitrogen contained in the air supplied for combustion

Thermal oxides are formed from this.

High temperature in the combustion chamber

The formation of thermal oxides is favored by this.

Pulverized coal boilers

The most fly ash in the flue gas occurs with this.

Tens of micrometers

Typical particle sizes of fly ash for pulverized coal boilers.

Primary methods of emission reduction

Improving the efficiency of a power boiler is an example of these methods.

Secondary methods of emission reduction

Capturing fly ash from flue gas is an example of these methods.

Reduction of sulfur content in coal

Enriching solid fuels causes this.

Densities of pyrite and coal

Mechanical methods of coal enrichment use the difference between these.

95%

If the dust concentration in the flue gas before the dust collector is 20 g/m3 and after the dust collector is 1 g/m3, the efficiency of the dust collector is:

Different sizes of dust particles

Fractional dust collection efficiency applies to this.

Low flue gas velocity

Gravity precipitation of dust from flue gas is favored by this.

Grate boilers

Cyclone dust collectors are most often used in these boilers.

The diameter of the cyclone decreases

The efficiency of dust collection by cyclones increases when this happens.

Around the emitting electrode

Corona discharge in an electrostatic precipitator occurs around this.

A negative potential

The emitting electrode in an electrostatic precipitator has this.

Flue gas velocity decreases

Dust collection efficiency in an electrostatic precipitator increases when this happens.

DC voltage

The electrostatic precipitator is powered by this voltage.

Always less than the breakdown voltage

The voltage between the electrodes in the electrostatic precipitator is this.

Hammers

Dust collected on the collecting electrodes in the electrostatic precipitator is removed with this.

Electrostatic precipitator

This dust collector offers the least resistance to the flowing flue gas.

Electrostatic precipitator

This dust collector is best suited for dust collection from a pulverized coal boiler.

SO2

Flue gas desulfurization involves removing sulfur compounds from flue gas, mainly this.

Calcium oxide

Sorbents containing this are mainly used for flue gas desulfurization in the power industry.

Feeding ground calcite into the combustion chamber

The dry desulfurization method involves this.

Increases dustiness of flue gas

The dry desulfurization method does this.

Dry methods

Semi-dry flue gas desulfurization methods are more effective than this.

Increasing the contact of unreacted sorbent with sulfur oxides

Spraying flue gas in a semi-dry method causes this.

Behind the flue gas cleaning installation

The absorber in the wet desulfurization method is placed here.

Hydrated calcium sulfate

One of the products formed in the wet desulfurization method is this.

Additional flue gas cleaning

An advantage of wet desulfurization.

Reducing the heat load of the chamber

Proper shaping of the geometry of the combustion chamber results in this.

Dividing the secondary air into several streams

Low-emission burners use this.

Lowering the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber

Recirculation of flue gas from the boiler outlet to the combustion chamber causes this.

Ammonia

The sorbent in the catalytic denitrification method (SCR) is this.

Water and nitrogen

By-products in the SCR method are this.

Behind the boiler

Catalysts operating in the „high dust” system are placed here.

Feeding urea into the combustion chamber

Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) involves this.

Maintaining the correct process temperature

A problem with the SNCR method is this.

Irradiating flue gas with an electron beam

The radiation method involves this.

Low combustion process temperature

Reducing NOx emissions in fluidized bed boilers results from this.