BMS 590 Gross Anatomy H&N Oral cavity

What are the Oral region components ?

Oral Cavity,

Teeth,

Gingivae

tongue

palate

palatine tonsils

what is Vestibule?

space between lips and cheeks and teeth and gingivae

What are the part of the Oral cavity proper boundaries ?

Anterolaterally

Roof

Floor

Posteriorly

What is in the anterolaterally part of the cavity ?

dental arches

what is in the roof of the oral cavity ?

hard and soft palate

What is in the floor of the oral cavity ?

tongue and mucous membrane

What is in posteriorly part of the oral cavity ?

communicates with oropharynx

What are the lips ?

musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth formed of skin exteriorly and mucous membrane internally, between these is the obicularis oris m.

What is the nasolabial sulk ?

shallow depressions attached to upper lip

What are the parts of the lips?

Nasolabial

Mentolabial

Labial frenulum

Philtrum

Vermilion

What is the mentolabial sulci ?

shallow depression attached to the lower lip

What is the labial frenulum?

Fold of mucous membrane in the midline, extending from vestibular gingiva to mucosa of upper and lower lip?

What is the philtrum ?

depression aboe upper lips and below nose in the midline

what is the vermilion ?

exposed red portion of the upper and lower lips

What is apart of the oral cavity of the vasculature ?

upper lip vasculature

lower lip vasculature

What is the Upper lip Vasculature?

superior labial branches of the facial and infraorbital aa.

what is the lower lip vasculature?

inferior labial branches of facial and mental aa.

What is apart of the nerves of the oral cavity ?

upper lip nerves

lower lip nerves

What is the Nerves of upper lip?

Superior labial branches of the infraorbital nerve (CN V2)

What is the Nerves of lower lip?

Inferior labial branches of the mental nerve (CN V3)

What is the Gingivae?

fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane

What is are teeth ?

participate in mastication and articulation

What are deciduous teeth?

20 teeth in children

What are permannent teeth ?

32 in adults

What are the types of teeth ?

incisors,

canines,

premolars,

molars

What is the Incisors?

thin cutting edges

What is the Canines?

single prominent cones

what are the premolars ?

two cusps (bicuspids)

What are the Molars ?

three or more cusps

What are the Surfaces of teeth ?

Vestibular (Buccal or labial),

lingual,

medial,

distal,

occlusal

What is the vestibular (labial or buccal) surfce of the teeth ?

outwards

What is the vestibular surface of the teeth ?

inwards, on side of tongue

What is the Medial surface of the teeth ?

toward facial portion of cranium. contact surface.

What is the Distal surface of the teeth ?

towards the middle on cranium (back side) contact surface

What is the Occlusal surface of the teeth ?

masticatory surface, biting surface

What are the Parts of teeth ?

crown, root, neck, dentine, enamel, cement, pulp cavity, root canal, periodontist, periodontal ligament, dento-alveolar syndesmosis

What is the crrown of tooth?

project from gingivae

What is the Neck of tooth?

between crown and root

What is the Root of tooth?

below neck, fixed in the tooth socket by periodontist

What is the Dentine of tooth?

composes most of tooth, contains pulp cavity

What is the Enamel of tooth?

covers dentine over crown. this is the hardest substance in human body.

What is the cement of the tooth?

covers detin over root

What is the Pulp cavity of tooth?

covered by dentin, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves

What is the Root canal of tooth?

transmits nerves and vessels to and from pulp cavity through apical foramina

What is the Periodontium of tooth?

collagenous fibers, located between cement of root and periosteum of alveolus

What is the Periodontal ligament?

group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits

What is the Dento-alveolar syndesmosis?

fibrous joint connecting the root of teeth to the bone of maxilla or mandible

what is the Palate ressponbile for ?

-arched roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavities,

-separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities and nasopharynx,

-superior (nasal) portion covered with respiratory mucosa and the inferior (oral) with oral mucosa.

What is the anterior palate is ?

hard palate

What is the posterior palate is ?

soft palate

What does the hard palate ?

occupies anterior 2/3rd of palate. compromised of palatine process of maxillae and palatine bone.

Where is the Incise fossa located in the hard palate?

posterior to central incisor teeth. located at hard palate.

What is the Nasopalatine artery and nerve in the hard palate?

pass from nose through foramina leading into the incisive fossa.

What is the Greater palatine foramen (GPF) in the hard palate?

medial to 3rd molar. Nerve and artery emerge from this foramen and run anteriorly to meet and anastomose with the nasopalatine nerve and artery and innervate and supply hard palate.

What is the Lesser palatine foramina in the hard palate?

Posterior to GPF. Nerve and artery energy from this foramina and run posteriorly to innervate and supply soft palate.

What is the mucous membrane in the hard palate?

tightly bound to and covers hard palate

What is the transverse palatine folds in the hard palate ?

assist with manipulation of food during mastication

What is the palatine raphe in the hard palate ?

extending posteriorly from the incisive fossa to the uvula, is a fold of mucosa membrane that represents the site of fusion of palatal processes

What is the Soft palate ?

occupies posterior 1/3rd of palate and is moveable. suspended from the posterior border of hard palate by the palatine aponeurosis.

What happens in the soft palate when you sallow ?

During swallowing the ____ tenses to squeeze bolus of food posteriorly and then elevates it posteriorly and superiorly against wall of pharynx to prevent passage of food into nasal cavity

What is the Uvula in the soft palate?

Conical process hanging from posteroinferior curved, free margin of soft palate

What is in the soft palate?

uvula

palatoglossal arch

palatopharyngeal arch

What is the Palatoglossal arch in the soft palate ?

mucous membrane covering the palatoglossal m. Joins soft palate to tongue

What is the Palatopharyngeal arch in the soft palate ?

mucous membrane covering the palatopharyngeal m. Joins soft palate to pharynx

Fauces (L. throat)

space between cavity of mouth and pharynx

Boundaries of Fauces

S: soft palate

I: root of the tongue

L: pillars of fauces (palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)

isthmus of fauces

space between oral cavity and orophaynx

palatine tonsils

masses of lymphoid tissue on each side of oropharynx and are bounded by the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Muscles of soft palate

Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus uvular

Palatine aponeurosis

flatten, extended tendon of the tensor veli palatini m. that attaches to the posterior border of the hard palate

Tongue

anterior 2/3rd in oral cavity and posterior 1/3rd in oropharynx. participates in articulation, swallowing, taste and oral cleansing

Parts of tongue

root, body, apex

root of tongue

attached posterior portion

body of tongue

between root and apex

apex of tongue

tip of tongue

What are the surfaces of the tongue?

dorsum: (superior surface) terminal sulcus, foramen cecum, midline groove, lingual papillae, vallate, foliate, filiform, fungiform, lingual tonsil

inferior: frenulum, sublingual caruncle (papilla), sublingual folds

what is the Terminal sulcus in the tongue ?

V-shape demarcation, separating ant. 2/3rd and post. 1/3rd

What is the Foramen cecum in the tongue ?

opening at the end of the terminal sulcus, developmental remnant of the thyroglossus duct

What is the Midline groove in the tongue ?

divides anterior part of tongue into R & L parts

What is the Lingual papillae in the tongue ?

vallate, foliate, and fungiform contain taste rec. and buds

what is the Vallate in the tongue ?

large and flat topped, lie anterior to terminal sulcus in V-shaped row

What is the foliate in the tongue ?

small lateral folds of lingual mucosa

What is the fungiform in the tongue ?

mushroom shaped, scattered among the filiform papillae, most numerous at apex

What is the Lingual tonsil in the tongue ?

cluster of lymphoid nodules on posterior 1/3rd of tongue

What is the Frenulum of the tongue ?

connects tongue to floor of mouth

What is the Sublingual caruncle (papilla) tonuge ?

on each side of lingual frenulum, includes the opening of the submandibular gland duct

What is the sublingual folds of the tongue ?

elevations of sublingual mucosa, containing the openings of the sublingual gland ducts

What are the Extrinsic muscles of tongue?

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

What is the extrinsic muscles of tongue is all innervated by

CN XII except for?

palatoglossus (CN X)

What is the Intrinsic muscles of tongue?

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical

What is the all intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by?

CN XII (hypoglossal)

What is in the Tongue vasculature?

Lingual artery

- dorsal lingual + deep lingual

Lingual vein

- dorsal lingual +deep lingual

What are the Salivary glands?

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands. secret saliva.

What does the secret salivado ?

moisturizes mucous membrane of oral cavity. lubricates food during mastication. begins starch digestion. intrinsic mouthwash, prevents tooth decay. taste.

Parotid glands

largest of the salivary glands

location: anteroinfeior to external acoustic meatus between the ramus of mandible and mastoid process.

Parotid glands Embedded with the gland (superficial -> deep)

Branches of fascial nerve (CN VII)

Retromandibular vein

ECA

Parotid duct

passes anteriorly from the gland, crosses masseter m., pierces the buccinator m., enters oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar.

submandibular glands

Location: along body of mandible in the submandibular triangle, partly superficial and party deep to mylohoid m.

Submandibular duct

runs medially to open on each side of the lingual frenulum in the sublingual caruncle

sublingual glands

smallest and most deeply situated of salivary glands

Location: Lie in floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus m.