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Physiology H
free surface
uppermost row of cells adjacent to the passageway of the structure
basement membrane
tissue to which the last row of epithelial tissue cells are attached
cell conections
mechanically binds cells together, helps form a permeability barrier, provides a mechanism for intercellular communication
desmosomes
disk shaped structures with adhesive glycoproteins that bind cells to one another
hemidesmosomes
attach cells to basement membrane
tight junctions
holds cells together to form a permeability barrier; consists of zonula adherens and zonula occludents
zonula adherens
actin protein filaments-fine fibers; located between cell membrane of adjacent cells and act as a weak glue that holds cells together
zonula occuldens
forms a permeability barrier; they prevent the passage of materials between cells, forms a jigsaw arrangement to form a tight seal (tubular)
gap junctions
a small protein channel that provides a means of intercellular communication by allowing a passage of ion and small molecules between cells
glands
secretory organs; most are compromised of epithelial tissue cells with a supporting network of connective tissue
exocrine glands
glands with ducts; ducts lines with epithelial tissue
endocrine glands
glands that have no ducts; produce hormones which are secreted into bloodstream
merocrine glands
water producing sweat glands; they secrete products with no loss of cellular material
apocrine glands
discharges fragments of the gland cells in secretion; cell fragments pinch off ex: milk producing mammary glands
halocrine glands
shed entire cells; entire cell becomes part of secretion ex: sebaceous (oil) glands
matrix
background material of the connective tissue. and is made up of protein fibers, a ground substance consisting of non-fibrous protein and fluid
collagen fibers
most common protein in the body; appears like rope and is very strong
reticular fibers
very fine collagen fibers; thin, short and branching; not very strong but fills the space between tissue and organs
elastic fibers
contains elastin; enables tissue to be distended or compressed. Long and web like fibers
blasts
young healthy cells that create the matrix
cytes
mature cells that maintain the matrix
ground substance
the shapeless background material of the matrix
