7

Flashcards to review key vocabulary related to fluid and electrolyte balance, water functions, regulation, and related health issues.

Osmosis

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area where it is highly concentrated to an area where it is not so concentrated.

Electrolytes

Substances that, when dissolved in water, dissociate into charged ions.

Solutes

Any of the dissolved substances in a fluid.

Osmoregulation

The scientific term that refers to the control of fluid balance and composition in the body.

Water

The human body is mostly this.

Intracellular

Inside cells.

Extracellular

Outside cells.

Osmoregulation

One of the essential homeostatic functions to maintain fluid balance.

Osmosis

Process by which water moves between fluid compartments.

Thermoregulation

The ability of an organism to maintain body temperature despite changing environmental temperatures.

Universal Solvent

Water is termed this because more substances dissolve in it than in any other fluid.

Thirst

An osmoregulatory mechanism to increase water input.

Insensible Water Loss

Water loss that a person is unaware of.

Sensible Water Loss

Water loss a person is aware of.

Renin

Enzyme secreted by the kidneys when blood volume is low.

Antidiuretic Hormone

Hormone that is released when the hypothalamus detects blood osmolality.

Aldosterone

Hormone released when adrenal glands detect blood osmolality.

Concentration

The amount of particles in a set volume of water.

Osmotic Pressure

The force exerted by solutes at different concentrations on either side of a selectively permeable membrane.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Primary mechanism for cells to maintain water balance between themselves and their surrounding environment.

Hyponatremia

Low blood sodium levels.

Cystic Fibrosis

Condition caused by a mutation in a protein that transports chloride ions out of the cell.

Potassium

Most abundantly positively charged ion inside cells.

Hypokalemia

Low dietary intake of potassium

Hyperkalemia

High levels of potassium

Dehydration

Water loss from the body without adequate replacement

Heat Stroke

Life-threatening condition that occurs when the body temperature is greater than 105.1°F (40.6°C).

Blood Pressure

The force of moving blood against arterial walls.

Hypertension

Scientific term for high blood pressure.

DASH Diet

An eating plan that is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat and is designed to reduce blood pressure.

Beverages

Helps to satiate thirst but doesn't make you full.

Psychoactive Drug

Any substance that crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the brain’s functioning.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

A measurement of the level of alcohol in the bloodstream, as a percentage.

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)

Liver problems linked to excessive alcohol intake.

Caffeine

Chemical derived from xanthine found in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of many plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide.

Electrolytes

Substances that dissolve in water and dissociate into charged ions.

Osmoregulation

Control of fluid balance and composition in the body.

Osmosis

Movement of water from high to low concentration.

Intracellular fluid

Fluid inside cells

Extracellular fluid

Fluid outside cells.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Thermoregulation

Loss of body heat through water evaporation

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another

Thirst

Subjective feeling of needing to drink

Insensible water loss

Continuous water loss we don't notice

Sensible water loss

Water loss we notice

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Hormone that helps retain water

Aldosterone

Hormone that regulates sodium and potassium

Concentration

The quantity of a substance in a certain space

Osmotic pressure

Pressure influencing water movement

Sodium-potassium pump

Transports ions to maintain water balance

Hyponatremia

Low sodium blood levels

Cystic fibrosis

Genetic disorder affecting chloride transport

Potassium

Major positive ion inside cells

Hypokalemia

Low potassium levels

Hyperkalemia

High potassium levels

Dehydration

Lack of water

Heat stroke

Dangerous overheating

Blood pressure

Force of blood against artery walls

Hypertension

High blood pressure

DASH diet

Diet to lower blood pressure

Beverages

Liquids consumed

Psychoactive drug

Affects brain function

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

Measures alcohol in blood

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)

Liver damage from alcohol

Caffeine

Stimulant from plants

Electrolyte

Charged particles in solution

Osmoregulation

Body's fluid regulation

Osmosis

Water movement across a membrane

Intracellular

Fluid within cells

Extracellular

Fluid outside cells

Homeostasis

Maintaining internal stability

Thermoregulation

Temperature control

Solvent

A dissolving agent

Thirst

Need to drink

Insensible loss

Unnoticed water loss

Sensible loss

Water loss we can sense

ADH

Water-retention hormone

Aldosterone

Sodium and potassium hormone

Concentration

Amount of substance in a solution

Osmotic Pressure

Pressure driving water movement

Sodium-Potassium pump

Ion transporter maintaining balance

Hyponatremia

Low blood sodium

Cystic Fibrosis

Chloride transport disorder

Potassium

Major intracellular ion

Hypokalemia

Low blood potassium

Hyperkalemia

High blood potassium

Dehydration

Water deficit

Heat Stroke

Overheating

Blood Pressure

Force of blood flow

Hypertension

Elevated blood pressure

DASH

Diet to treat hypertension

Beverages

Drinks

Psychoactive

Brain-altering substance

BAC

Alcohol in blood measure

ALD

Liver damage from alcohol

Caffeine

Stimulant

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Water makes up the largest percentage of the body’s volume.

Electrolytes

The movement of water is regulated by controlling the movement of electrolytes between fluid compartments.

Water's Importance to Vitality

Uses of water in the human body: transportation vehicle, medium for chemical reactions, lubricant/shock absorber, and temperature regulator.