Module 2 - Nutrition Guidelines and Assessment - BIOL233 Nutrition

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)

Range of intakes for a particular energy source associated with reduced chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients

Adequate Intake (AI)

The nutrient intake that appears to sustain a defined nutritional state or some other indicator of health (e.g., growth rate or normal circulating nutrient values) in a specific population or subgroup

when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR (estimated average requirement)

When is Adequate Intake used?

Anthropometric measurements

Measurements of the physical characteristics of the body, such as height, weight, head circumference, girth, and skinfoldmeasurements

Useful in evaluating the growth of infants, children, and adolescents and in determining body composition

What are anthropometric measurements useful in?

Biochemical Assessment

Assessment by measuring a nutrient or its metabolite in one or more body fluids, such as blood and urine, or in feces; also called laboratory assessment

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs

A framework of dietary standards that includes Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Dietary Standards

Tells us how much of each nutrient we should have in our diets

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Reflects the amount of a nutrient that would meet the needs of 50 percent of the people in a particular life stage (age) and gender group

Estimate Energy Requirement (EER)

Is defined as the energy intake that is estimated to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal-weight individuals

using an equation that considers weight, height, age, and physical activity

How is EER (Estimated Energy Requirement) determined?

True

True or False: Different equations are used for males and females for different age groups for Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Food Label

Required by law on virtually all packaged foods and having 5 requirements which are a statement of identity; the net contents (weight, volume, or measure) of the package; the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor; a list of ingredients; and nutrition information

Nutrient Content Claims

These claims describe the level of a nutrient or dietary substance in the product, using terms such as good source, high, or free

Nutrient density

A description of the healthfulness of foods; foods high in nutrient density are those that provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals and relatively few calories; foods low in nutrient density are those that supply calories but relatively small amounts of vitamins and minerals

Nutrition Assessment

Measurement of the nutritional health of the body

anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical observations, and dietary intake, as well as medical histories and socioeconomic factors

What does nutrition assessment include?

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs

The nutrient intake levels that meet the nutrient needs of almost all (97 to 98 percent) individuals in a life stage and gender group

Skinfold Measurements

A method to estimate body fat by measuring with calipers the thickness of a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)

Have been defined for many nutrients; consumption of a nutrient in amounts higher than the UL could be harmful

have been developed partly in response to the growing interest in dietary supplements that contain large amounts of essential nutrients

Why have ULs (Tolerable Upper Intake Levels) been developed?

Adequacy, Balance, Calorie control, Nutrient density, moderation, Variety

What are the 6 concepts that shape our eating patterns?

The food you choose to eat provide all the essential nutrients, fiber, and energy in amounts sufficient to support growth and maintain health

Describe Adequacy (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

A healthful diet requires a balance of a variety of foods, energy sources, and other nutrients

Describe Balance (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

Choosing a diet that balances the calories you eat with the amount of calories your body uses

Describe Calorie Control (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

Amount of vitamins and minerals relative to the calories the food provides

Describe Nutrient density (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

Not too much or too little of any particular food(s)

Describe Moderation (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

Include a lot of different foods in your diet

Describe Variety (Part of the 6 Concepts that shape our eating patterns)

Intended to help improve overall health and is simple, easy-to-understand statements about food choices, food safety, and physical activity

What are dietary guidelines?

Federal nutrition policy and education, nutrition messages and consumer materials, as well as education materials

What are dietary guidelines used for?

1. Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage

2. Customize and enjoy nutrient-dense food and beverage choices to reflect personal preferences, cultural traditions, and budgetary considerations

3. Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and stay within calorie limits

4. Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages

What are the 4 overarching dietary guidelines

Choose nutrient dense snacks, choose fresh fruit, and choose unsalted snacks

Provide three examples of how you can incorporate the dietary guidelines into your daily life

At least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity +2 days of muscle strengthening activity each week

What is the physical activity guidelines for American Adults?

60 mins or more per day

What is the physical activity guidelines for American Children + Adolescents?

1. A statement of identity/name of the food

2. The net weight of the food contained inside of the package, not including the weight of the package

3. The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor

4. A list of ingredients in descending order by weight

5. Nutrition information

What are the five mandatory components of a food label?

Serving sizes, calorie counts, and specific nutrient contents per serving

Summarize the information you can find on the nutrition facts panel of a food label

Almost everyone can benefit from shifting to choices that better support healthy habits, nutrients and foods are not consumed in isolation, and healthy dietary patterns are encouraged at every life stage

Explain portion distortion and how it contributes to the obsogenic environment in the US

By the nutrition labeling and education act (NCLEA) and FDA

What are Nutrient Content Claims regulated by?

Link one or more dietary components to reduced risk of disease

What are Health Claims?

Describe potential effects on body structures or functions, such as bone health, muscle strength, and digestion

What are structure/function claims?

Physical measurement of the body

What are anthropometric measures?

Height, weight, body mass index

What are 3 examples of anthropometric measures?

To show changes in weight/growth that can reflect diseases and monitor progress in weight loss

Why are Anthropometric measures done?

Measure a nutrient/metabolite in one or more body fluids

What are biochemical tests?

Blood, urine, and feces

What are 3 examples of biochemical tests?

Measure nutrients or metabolites that indicate infection or disease

Why are biochemical tests done?

Characteristics of health that can be seen during a physical exam

What are Clinical Observations?

Hair, nails, skin

What are 3 examples of Clinical Observations?

Assess change in the physical body

Why are Clinical Observations done?

Diet history, food record, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall

What is Dietary Intake?

Asking someone everything they ate the day before

What is an example of dietary intake?

Comparison to dietary standards, comparison to MyPlate and dietary guidelines for Americans

What is dietary intake done?

Is going to help to give a clear indication especially in children of growth rate and it also can measure bone loss in adults

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Height

Is going to be used to access children’s growth, predict energy expenditure and protein needs, and determine BMI; this should be measured using a calibrated scale for accurate results

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Weight

Is going to be an indicator of normal growth and development in children from birth to 3 year old

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Head Circumference

Is going to be a tool to screen an individual for the weight categories of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Body Mass Index

Are going to be a good indicator of abdominal fat risk and risk for chronic diseases

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Girth measurements

are going to give a good indication of body fatness because a significant amount of body fat is stored directly below the skin

Explain what each of the physical measurements of body are used for in a nutritional measurements: Skinfold measurements