Common Diseases of Livestock Animals: Nutritional Diseases

Which of the following best describes nutrient deficiencies?

The result of the under consumption of key nutrients

The __________ system defends the body against infectious organisms and other invaders.

Responses

Immune

Which digestive system is also known as polygastric and contains one large stomach which is divided into four compartments?

Responses

Ruminant

The __________ system is the first response to an invader and could be described as the body's first line of defense.

Innate immune

Which of the following best describes the term diseases?

Disorders of the structure or function of an organ or the body, producing signs or symptoms not resulting from a physical injury

Angela found her horse rolling on the ground, sweating and kicking at its stomach while in obvious pain. What might a veterinarian diagnose her horse with, based on these symptoms?

Colic

Which of the following diseases can affect both skeletal and cardiac muscles, and is caused by a deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E?

White muscle disease

__________ injections are injected into the skin, while __________ injections are injected into the vein.

Subcutaneous; intravenous

Which of the following nutritional diseases is most commonly seen in young livestock and may cause bowed limbs?

Rickets

__________ is the result of rapid fermentation, which produces excessive gas or foam in the rumen of ruminants.

Bloat

The __________ immune system is the first response, while the __________ immune system responds to vaccinations and is built over time.

Innate; acquired

Jonathan is a cattle rancher and recently found one of his cows in poor condition. The cow had muscle tremors, was wobbly, had a low body temperature and was not able to stand. This cow might have which nutritional disease?

Milk fever

Applying fertilizers in regions of frequent cases and areas of high risk to compensate for selenium and vitamin E deficiencies may help prevent which nutritional disease?

White muscle disease

T/F , Nutritional diseases lower the animal's immune system and increase chances of other illnesses.

True

T/F, Nutrient deficiencies commonly cause nutritional diseases.

True

T/F, Nutritional diseases cannot be prevented regardless and should be expected in all operations.

False

Also known as scurvy, __________ is typically seen in young, growing animals and is caused by imbalances of dietary calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D.

Rickets

Which of the following is dependent on an animal's age and function?

Nutritional requirements

Ryan shows market steers at his local county fair. On the morning of the steer show, he found his steer ill. Symptoms included a large abdominal distension on the left side and difficulty walking. He is worried he will not be able to show his steer. What nutritional disease would a veterinarian diagnose?

Bloat

single-chambered stomach

monogastric

one stomach with four compartments

Rumminat

fast-paced process

Avian

digests large amounts of roughage

Hindgut - Fermenter

Which naturally occurring bacteria cause enterotoxemia?

Clostridium perfringens

Colic mainly impacts __________ as they are unable to vomit.

Horses

Also known as "grass staggers" or "wheat pasture poisoning," __________ is a serious, fatal, metabolic disorder caused by low levels of magnesium in the blood.

Grass tetany

Neurologic signs include circling, head pressing, incoordination and convulsions. These symptoms are often seen when an animal is experiencing __________.

Enterotoxemia

T/F, Common nutritional diseases are disorders due to animals not consuming or absorbing adequate nutrients from their diet or surroundings.

True

A rancher recently switched his herd from a forage-based diet to a high concentrate diet. Recently, his herd has been bloating frequently, had diarrhea and has not been willing to walk very far. A veterinarian could diagnose this herd with which of the following?

Rumenitis

Jake operates a third generation sheep operation. Recently, he has had to treat his sheep for a common nutritional disease. The symptoms include uncoordinated gait, convulsions, coma and death. To treat his herd, he added magnesium by powdering the pasture and providing concentrates and pellets. What common nutritional disease was affecting Jake's herd?

Grass tetany

Injections which are injected into the vein are __________, while __________ injections are injected into the skin.

Intravenous; subcutaneous