Head and Neck Anatomy Lecture Notes

Flashcards in the FILL_IN_THE_BLANK style based on lecture notes about head and neck anatomy, focusing on arteries, muscles of facial expression, tongue, eye, palate, neck, parathyroid & salivary glands, TMJ, hyoid bone, vertebrae, branchial arches, cavernous sinus and swallowing muscles.

Mnemonic for External Carotid Branches: __

She Always Likes Friends Over Papa, Sister, and Mama

The 8 branches of the external carotid artery are: S: __, A: __, L: __, F: __, O: __, P: __, S: __, M: __

Superior thyroid artery, Ascending pharyngeal artery, Lingual artery, Facial artery, Occipital artery, Posterior auricular artery, Superficial temporal artery, Maxillary artery

Branches of the internal carotid artery (Cerebral part): __, __, __, __

Ophthalmic, Anterior cerebral, Middle cerebral, Anterior choroidal

Branches of the Maxillary Artery: __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __

Middle meningeal (foramen spinosum), Accessory meningeal (foramen ovale), Anterior tympanic (petrotympanic fissure), Deep auricular (squamotympanic fissure), Infra-orbital, Deep temporal a (same fissure), Posterior superior alveolar (same foramina), Sphenopalatine (same foramen), Greater/lesser palatine, Pharyngeal (palatovaginal canal), Muscular branches (same foramina), Superficial, Buccal a, Lingual a, External temporal carotid, Inferior alveolar, Mylohyoid a, (same foramen)

The deep auricular artery targets which region? __

External acoustic meatus

The anterior tympanic artery targets which region? __

Tympanic membrane

The middle meningeal artery targets which region? __

Dura and calvaria

The accessory meningeal artery targets which region? __

Cranial cavity

The inferior alveolar (dental) artery targets which region? __

Mandible and teeth

The masseteric artery targets which region? __

Masseter muscle

The deep temporal artery targets which region? __

Temporalis muscle

The pterygoid artery targets which region? __

Pterygoid muscles

The buccal artery targets which region? __

External surface of buccinator

The posterior superior alveolar artery targets which region? __

Maxillary teeth and maxilla (posterior)

The infraorbital artery targets which region? __

Orbital branches. Anterior superior alveolar (dental) branches to maxilla, upper anterior teeth and mucosa of the maxillary sinus

The greater (descending) palatine artery targets which region?__

To gingivae, palatine glands and mucous membrane of hard palate. Lesser palati branches to soft palate and palatine ton

The artery of the pterygoid canal targets which region? __

Walls of pterygoid canal, mucosa of upp pharynx, auditory tube, tympanic cavity

The pharyngeal artery targets which region? __

Mucosa of nasal roof, sphenoidal air sin auditory tube, nasopharynx

The sphenopalatine artery targets which region? __

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Structures passing through the mastoid foramen: __

Emissary vein

Muscles used for smiling and laughing: __

Zygomaticus major and minor

Muscles associated with sadness: __

Levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris

Muscle associated with grief: __

Depressor anguli oris

Muscles associated with anger: __

Dilator naris, depressor septi

Muscles associated with frowning: __

Corrugator supercilii, procerus

Muscle associated with horror, terror, fright: __

Platysma

Muscle associated with surprise: __

Frontalis

Muscle associated with doubt: __

Mentalis

Muscle associated with grinning: __

Risorius

Muscle associated with contempt: __

Zygomaticus Minor

Structures passing through the internal acoustic meatus: __

7th and 8th cranial nerve, labyrinthine vessels

Muscle that attaches to the mastoid notch: __

Posterior belly of digastric

Attachments to the mandible: __

lateral pterygoid, stylomandibular ligament, medial pterygoid, mandibular foramen, temporalis, lingula, sphenomandibular ligament, superior constrictor of pharynx, sublingual fossa, mylohyoid line, mylohyoid muscle, submandibular fossa, genioglossus, geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, mental spines, digastric fossa

Action of the masseter muscle: __

Elevates mandible

Action of the temporalis muscle: __

Elevates mandible

All muscles of mastication are supplied by the __

Mandibular division of Trigeminal (VC)

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue: __, __, __, __

Styloglossus, Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Palatoglossus

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue: __, __, __, __

Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, Transverse, Verticalis

A midline fold of mucosa passing between the midline gingiva and the undersurface of the tongue __.

The lingual frenulum

Which muscle forms the diaphragm of the floor of the mouth? __

Mylohyoid

The main arterial supply to the tongue: __

Lingual artery

The lymphatic drainage of the anterior tongue is into the __.

Deep cervical nodes via the submental and submandibular nodes

Sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is by the __

Lingual nerve

General sensory innervation of the posterior two-thirds of the tongue is by the __

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

The most numerous papillae on the tongue: __

Filiform

All papillae have __ except filiform papillae which has touch receptors.

Taste receptors

Muscles of the tongue that depress it: and

Geniohyoid and hypoglossus

All muscles of the tongue are supplied by the __ except palatoglossus

Hypoglossal nerve

The Palatoglossus muscle inserts into the __

Side of the tongue

The Palatoglossus muscle originates from the __

Palatine Aponeurosis

Voluntary muscles of the eye: __, __, __, __, __, __

Frontalis, superior, inferior medial and lateral recti, superior and inferior Obliqui, levator palpebrae superioris

Sphincter pupillae is innervated by __

CN III

Dilator pupillae is innervated by __

Sympathetic

Innervation of voluntary eye muscles: __

All muscles are supplied by 3rd nerve except SO4 and LR 6

The Superior rectus inserts on the __

Superior sclera

The Inferior rectus inserts on the __ sclera

Inferior

The Lateral rectus muscle inserts on the __ sclera

Lateral

The Superior oblique muscle is innervated by the __ nerve

Trochlear

The Lateral rectus muscle is innervated by the __ nerve.

Abducens

Superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris muscles are innervated by __

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

Lateral rectus muscle is innervated by __

CN VI (abducens nerve)

Superior oblique muscle is innervated by __

CN IV (trochlear nerve)

The hard palate is formed by the palatine __

processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones

The __ begins anteriorly at the incisive papilla.

Median palatal raphe

The soft palate's sides merge with the tongue and pharyngeal wall as the __

Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal arches

Sensory nerve supply of the soft palate is via the __ nerve

Glossopharyngeal

Sensory nerve supply of the soft palate is via the __ nerve

Maxillary

The platysma muscle is innervated by the __ nerve

Facial

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the __ nerve

Spinal accessory nerve

The four parathyroid glands, which usually lie on the posterior margins of the __

Thyroid gland

Arterial supply to the submandibular gland is from branches of the __

Facial artery and lingual artery

Venous drainage from the sublingual gland is via the sublingual branch of the __

Lingual vein

Parasympathetic fibers from the __ innervate the sublingual gland

Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

The terminal branches of the __ are contents of the parotid gland.

ECA

The parotid duct is also known as __ duct.

Stensons

The parotid gland lies within the parotid sheath, a tough fascial capsule continuous with the __.

Investing layer of cervical fascia

An accessory parotid gland is often found on the __.

Lateral surface of the masseter

The parotid gland secretion is __.

Mucous

The main ligament limiting the movement of the mandible, hence called as the Check ligament of the TMJ is the __

Lateral or temporomandibular ligament

The __ of the lateral pterygoid muscle inserts into the Pterygoid fossa of the mandible.

Superior head

Muscles that attach to the hyoid are digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid, which can be remembered as __

DSGM

The infrahyoid muscles that connect to the hyoid are thyrohyoid, omohyoid, and sternohyoid, which can be remembered as __

TOS

Adjacent vertebral bodies separated with __

Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc

There are __ cervical nerves.

8

Incus and Malleus are formed from the __

1st arch (Meckel's) cartilage

The Greater cornu & part of body of hyoid bone are formed form the __

3rd arch cartilage

Muscles of snoring: __

musculus uvulae

The Nerve supply for Muscles of swallowing: __

5,9,10

The Largest cranial nerve: __

Trigeminal

The Longest cranial nerve: __

Vagus

The Longest intracranial course Crainial nerve: __

Trochlear