Junior cert Higher Maths

Expression

A mathematical phrase that contains operations, numbers, and/or variables e.g 2x+3x-4

Variable

term that represents an unknown number or unknown value or unknown quantity e.g x or y

Coefficient

number in front of a variable e.g 2 of 2x

Constant

A value that does not change

Like terms

Expressions that contain the same variables to the same power e.g 2x and 4x

Indices or power

the small floating number that appears after a number or letter

Algebra

A branch of mathematics that involves expressions with variables

Natural numbers, N

The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Also called counting numbers.

Integers, Z

Whole numbers both positive and negative, ...-1,-2,-3,0,1,2,3...

real numbers, R

All rational and irrational numbers e.g 4/5, 1, 0.64 etc

Inequalities

Algebraic statements that have ≠,

Common factors

factors that are shared by two or more numbers e.g factors of 24 are 1,2,3,4,6,12,24. Factors of 36 are 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36

Square number

The product of a number multiplied by itself. E.g 4x4= 16, 16 is a...

Equal sets

sets that contain exactly the same members

Union, U

Intersection, ∩

Subsets, ⊂

B is a subset of a if all of the elements of b are in a

Universal set

Complement, A'

Everything not in A

cardinal number

the number of elements in a set

Commutative

a+b=b+a, addition and multiplication

VAT

value added tax

not commutative

subtraction and division

Standard rate and higher rate

Standard and higher amount of tax paid depending on income

USC

Universal Social Charge

PRSI

Pay Related Social Insurance

compound interest

interest earned on both the principal amount and any interest already earned

Depreciation

A decrease or loss in value

Data

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

categorical data

Data that consists of names, labels, or other nonnumerical values

numerical data

Data that consists of numbers

Circumference

Radius

Diameter

Chord

Semi circle

Segment

Sector

Quadrant

Tangent

Volume of a rectangular solid

(length)(width)(height)

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.

Median

Middle number

Mean

average

Range

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Line AB passes through points a and b

Collinear

Line segment

Intersect

Ray

Parallel lines

Angle AOB

Right angle

Straight angle

Acute angle

Obtuse angle

Reflex angle

Ordinary angle (less than 180)

Vertically opposite angles =

Angles at a point add to 360

corresponding angles

Alternate angles

Interior angles ( add to 180)

Rhombus

a parallelogram with 4 congruent sides

Congruent

Having the same size and shape

Pythagorean Theorem

a²+b²=c²

Axiom

a statement or proposition that is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true

Theorem

A mathematical statement which we can prove to be true

corollary

a direct or natural consequence or result

Converse

opposite

Venn diagram

Slope of a line

Rise/run (rise over run)

Slope 3/2 is perpendicular to what slope

-2/3

y-intercept

the y-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the y-axis

Perpendicular

Two lines that intersect to form right angles

Gradient

slope

Speed

distance/time

Time

distance/speed

Distance

speed x time

Sine (sin)

Opposite/hypothenuse

Tangent (tan)

opposite/adjacent

Cosine (cos)

adjacent/hypotenuse

Surds

An irrational number that can't be simplified to remove a square root (or cube root etc). eg √2

Irrational numbers

never ending decimal with no pattern

scientific notation

a method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power

quadratic equation

an equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0

Roots

The solutions of a quadratic equation

Quadratic Formula

-b formula

Equiangular

all angles are congruent

equilateral triangle

a triangle with 3 congruent sides

isosceles triangle

A triangle that has 2 equal sides.

scalene triangle

a triangle with no congruent sides

Heptagon

7 sides

complementary angles

two angles that add up to 90 degrees

suplementary angles

two angles whose measures have a sum of 180

Transversal

a line that intersects two or more lines

Centre

middle point of a circle

Cyclic quadrilateral

A quadrilateral inscribed in a circle

What is X

100

Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral add to...

180