Religion exam evil cue cards

Religious diversity

The fact that there are a range of religious belief and practice in a society.

Religious pluralism

where every individual in a religiously diverse society has the rights, freedoms, and safety to worship, or not, according to their conscience.

9 Aspects of Religion

- Beliefs
- Rituals
- Ethics
- Texts
- Sacred stories
- Social structure
- SPAT (spaces, places, times and artefacts)
- Spiritual experience
- Symbols

Adherents

Followers of the faith tradition

Beliefs

The ideas thought and felt by adherents to be true.

Sacred stories

• Retell in detail a believed truth,

• they may not be historically accurate

• they convey important religious truth to adherents

SPAT (Spaces, places, times and artefacts)

• This aspect explains how humans understand the presence of God (ultimate reality) as evident in particular places, objects or events.

Texts

Compilations of written and oral literature in which essential elements of a religious tradition are recorded.

Rituals

A prescribed set of actions with symbolic meaning, which are strongly influenced by cultures

Symbols

Used to represent something else, and often a material object is representing something immaterial.

• seen as sacred, has special meaning

Social structures

• Religious organisations are structured in a way to denote leadership and assignment to 'groups within groups'.

• This allows for decision-making and connection with other leaders

Ethics

Principals and codes of behaviour provide guidance to 'correct' actions aligned with beliefs of the religious tradition.

Spiritual experiences

• A personal encounter or deep feeling of connection with the divine, sacred, or something greater than oneself.

Beliefs - Judaism

• God is one, eternal, spiritual, and all-knowing.

• The Torah and Oral Torah were given to Moses by God.

• God rewards the good.

• The Messiah will come, and the dead will be resurrected.

Rituals - Judaism

Shabbat, Passover, Bar and bat-mitzvahs,

Ethics - Judaism

Adhering to the 10 laws of the covenant which require of Jews:

• strict monotheism

• adherence to ritual

• high moral conduct.

Texts- Judaism

Torah

Sacred stories - Judaism

The story of the prophet Moses leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt

• 🪷 God speaks to Moses through the burning bush and commands him to free His people

• 🇪🇬 10 plagues are sent to convince Pharaoh to let the Israelites go

• 🌊 Moses parts the Red Sea so the Israelites can escape

• ⛰ God gives the Ten Commandments to Moses at Mount Sinai

Social structure - Judaism

Jewish rabbis lead services

SPAT - Judaism

Synagogues

Spiritual experience - Judaism

Visiting the Western wall in jerusalem

Symbols - Judaism

Star of david- Represents divine protection

Menorah- symbolises Light, wisdom, and divine presence

Beliefs - Islam

Allah is the ultimate reality, who adherents must be obedient to at all times.

Rituals - Islam

Prayer 5 times a day, sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset and before bed.

Ethics - Islam

Akhlaq is the idea of:

• being a good person

• having strong manners and morals

• following/obeying the ethics of the Quran.

Texts - Islam

The Quran

Sacred stories - Islam

Creation story happened in 6 days.

Social structure - Islam

No set structure, imams are scholars.

Spaces, places, times and artefacts - Islam

Mosques(space/place), Ramadan (time) and prayer mat (artefact).

Spiritual experience - Islam

Pilgrimage to Mecca, completing hajj.

Symbols - Islam

The crescent represents progress

The five pointed star, light and knowledge

Beliefs -Christianity

Monotheism, Jesus as the Son of God, the holy trinity.

Rituals - Christianity

Baptism, confirmation, communion.

Ethics - Christianity

Ten commandments

Texts - Christianity

Bible

Sacred stories - Christianity

Resurrection, Creation story, divine birth.

Social structure - Catholiscism

Priests, Pope in catholicism, Bishops, nuns, Cardinals

Spaces, places, times and artefacts - Christianity

The vatican, altar apace in a church Lent (times), rosary beads.

Spiritual experience - Christianity

Visiting the Vatican, visiting Jerusalem

Symbols - Christianity

The cross symbolises the resurrection.

What are the different truths?

• Theological (about god)

• Symbolic (symbolic stories that explain truths)

• Moral (certain principles lead to happiness)

• Historic (what the past means for us now)

• Scientific (From the scientific method - the bible was not written this way)

• Proverbial (Short, memorable stories which are used to explain truths)

What are the synoptic gospels?

Matthew, Mark and Luke

Synoptic means 'same view'.

Q source

An unknown source attributed to Matthew and Luke.

The material which was used a source that was not from Marks gospel is known as quell.

Gospel meaning

Good news of Jesus Christ, and the literary genre of Jesus life and teachings.

Matthew- Who he was

A Jewish Christian

Matthew- When did he write it

80's CE

Matthew- for what community did he write it for

For what community: Jewish christians to strengthen their beliefs that Jesus was the messiah, Christian community in Syria - Antioch.

Matthew- Key ideas

1. Relationship between Jesus and the Jewish faith

2. miracles

3. old testament prophecies being fulfilled

4. concerns within the church.

Mark- Who he was

Mark who was thought to be a cousin of Barnabas, who was a companion of Paul.

Mark- When did he write it

65-75CE

For what community: Mark

• Suffering Gentile Christian Community in Rome, being persecuted because they were blamed for the great fire in Rome during the reign of Nero.

Key ideas: Mark

1. Action rather than teaching

2. persecution

3. eyewitness material

4. Aramaic phrases

5. poor grammar.

Luke- Who he was:

A Gentile and companion of Paul. He was a doctor, wrote the acts and was well educated.

Luke- When did he write it:

80's CE

Luke- For what community:

Non-jewish audience, which is why he had the fullest life story of Jesus out of the gospels.

Luke-Key ideas:

Outcasts, meals and community, prayer and salvation, holy spirit.

Early churches and worship

• There were no formal churches and communities were scattered across lands

• they were being persecuted so they had to share meals in private homes and worship together to strengthen faith and community.

Jesus and meals

Used as opportunities to welcome all people, to teach and witness to a new way, the way of God's kingdom.

• Ate with outcasts, sinners, the sick, tax collectors, etc.

• Performed miracles

• Forgave sinners

How did early christians use meals?

• Gathered in their homes, in secret.

• Breaking of the bread would occur

• Believed that they were eating and drinking the Body and Blood of the Lord.

• Gathered on the first day of the week, Sunday, to share stories of Jesus

Agape feast

From the middle of the first century, the special meal and the breaking of the bread were done separately.

The breaking of the bread (which became a formal prayer and blessing) happened first.

After that, people shared another meal called the "love feast", which was a way of showing and celebrating God’s love.

How are meals places of hospitality, transformation, healing and service?

• Hospitality: Sharing meals and welcoming into homes

• Transformation/healing: Forgiving sins, changing the bread into the body and blood of christ, bringing the Good News to people, healing the sick, performing miracles.

• Service: Serving the lord through the people at the table, meals to serve others.

• Examples:

• Zaccheus and Jesus

• Levi's Banquet

• Lord's Supper

Eucharist

Means to give thanks, and it symbolises thanking God for giving us Jesus.

Transubstantiation

Change the substance. It is the belief that the bread and wine in the sacrament of the Eucharist literally become the body and blood of wine, changing its substance but not physical appearance or form.

How is Christ remembered in mass?

Physically and spiritually through the eucharist, through scripture readings, through community and stories.

How does the Eucharist compare to The Seder meal?

The Seder meal, or passover, refers to the meal shared to celebrate the freedom of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, whereas the Eucharist commemorates the Last supper, and Jesus death and resurrection.

Meals in other religions

• The Seder Meal (passover)

• Eid Al Fitr

• Eucharist

Main religious traditions in Australia

1. Catholic

2. Anglican

3. Other Christian

4. Islam

5. Buddhism

6. Sikhism

7. Judaism

Which religious traditions are growing?

• No religion

• Islam

• Hinduism

• Sikhism

• Buddhism

Which religious traditions are decreasing?

Different types of Christianity because of decreasing conservative values, and immigration levels increasing, bringing greater religious diversity.

What prompted the Catholic Church to engage in interfaith dialogue?

The world and society was changing after World War 2, many Catholics were not inclusive to other religions.

Nostra Aetete

• 'In our time'. The first two words were written by the second Vatican council, which encouraged being friendly and respecting other non christian religions.

• Aimed to highlight that the Jewish people aren't to blame for Jesus' death. (Anti-semitism from WW2)

Interfaith dialogue

Communication and understanding between people from different major world religions.