Development of vascular system - Anatomy

How many pairs of aortic arches are present in the embryo?

Six pairs

What does the 1st aortic arch form?

Maxillary artery (part)

What does the 2nd aortic arch form?

Stapedial and hyoid arteries

What does the 3rd aortic arch form?

Common carotid and proximal internal carotid arteries

What does the 4th aortic arch form on the left side?

Arch of aorta

What does the 4th aortic arch form on the right side?

Proximal right subclavian artery

What happens to the 5th aortic arch?

Rudimentary, disappears

What does the 6th aortic arch form?

Pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (left)

What is the embryonic origin of the arch of aorta?

Left 4th aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the ductus arteriosus?

Left 6th aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the common carotid arteries?

3rd aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the proximal internal carotid artery?

3rd aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the maxillary artery?

1st aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the stapedial artery?

2nd aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the right subclavian artery (proximal part)?

Right 4th aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the pulmonary arteries?

6th aortic arch

What is the embryonic origin of the ligamentum arteriosum?

Remnant of ductus arteriosus

What is the embryonic origin of the sinus venarum of right atrium?

Right horn of sinus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the coronary sinus?

Left horn of sinus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the oblique vein of left atrium?

Left horn of sinus venosus

What veins drain into the sinus venosus?

Vitelline, umbilical, and common cardinal veins

What do vitelline veins develop into?

Portal vein, hepatic veins, part of IVC

What do umbilical veins develop into?

Left umbilical vein persists → ligamentum teres hepatis

What do common cardinal veins develop into?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos system

What is the embryonic origin of the ligamentum teres hepatis?

Left umbilical vein

What is the embryonic origin of the portal vein?

Vitelline veins

What is the embryonic origin of the hepatic veins?

Vitelline veins

What is the embryonic origin of the superior vena cava?

Right common cardinal vein

What is the embryonic origin of the azygos vein system?

Supracardinal/common cardinal veins

What is the embryonic origin of the inferior vena cava?

Vitelline and cardinal veins

What congenital anomaly results from persistence of right dorsal aorta?

Double aortic arch

What is the clinical importance of double aortic arch?

Compression of trachea and esophagus → stridor, dysphagia

What congenital anomaly results from regression failure of left dorsal aorta?

Right aortic arch

What is the clinical importance of right aortic arch?

May compress trachea/esophagus or be asymptomatic

What congenital anomaly results from failure of ductus arteriosus closure?

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

What is the clinical importance of PDA?

Continuous murmur, risk of congestive heart failure

What congenital anomaly results from constriction near ductus arteriosus?

Coarctation of aorta

What is the clinical importance of coarctation of aorta?

Hypertension in upper limbs, weak femoral pulses

What congenital anomaly results from persistence of left anterior cardinal vein?

Persistent left superior vena cava

What is the clinical importance of persistent left SVC?

Drains into coronary sinus → arrhythmia risk

What congenital anomaly results from abnormal regression of vitelline/common cardinal veins?

Absent segments of IVC

What is the clinical importance of absent IVC segments?

Collateral venous pathways form

What congenital anomaly results from persistence of both supracardinal veins?

Double IVC

What is the clinical importance of double IVC?

Incidental finding on imaging

What congenital anomaly results from failure of hepatic segment of IVC formation?

Azygos continuation of IVC

What is the clinical importance of azygos continuation of IVC?

Enlarged azygos vein seen on imaging

What structure connects ductus arteriosus to pulmonary artery?

Ligamentum arteriosum (postnatally)

What nerve is closely related to ligamentum arteriosum?

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

What fetal vessel carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus?

Umbilical vein

What fetal vessel carries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta?

Umbilical arteries

What is the embryonic origin of the smooth part of right atrium?

Right horn of sinus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the rough part of right atrium?

Primitive atrium

What is the embryonic origin of the coronary sinus opening?

Left horn of sinus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the oblique vein of left atrium?

Left horn of sinus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the ligamentum venosum?

Ductus venosus

What is the embryonic origin of the ductus venosus?

Left umbilical vein connection to IVC

What is the clinical importance of knowledge of embryonic arterial development?

Helps interpret congenital anomalies in imaging and surgery

What is the clinical importance of knowledge of embryonic venous development?

Explains variations in systemic venous return and anomalies

What anomaly may cause stridor and dysphagia in infants?

Double aortic arch

What anomaly may present with continuous machinery murmur?

Patent ductus arteriosus

What anomaly may present with hypertension in upper limbs and weak femoral pulses?

Coarctation of aorta

What anomaly may present with enlarged coronary sinus on imaging?

Persistent left SVC

What anomaly may present with enlarged azygos vein on imaging?

Azygos continuation of IVC

What anomaly may present incidentally as two IVCs on imaging?

Double IVC

What embryonic vein system gives rise to portal circulation?

Vitelline veins

What embryonic vein system gives rise to systemic venous return (SVC, IVC)?

Cardinal veins

What embryonic vein system gives rise to placental circulation?

Umbilical veins

What arch gives rise to pulmonary arteries?

6th aortic arch

What arch gives rise to arch of aorta?

Left 4th aortic arch

What arch gives rise to right subclavian artery?

Right 4th aortic arch

What arch gives rise to common carotid arteries?

3rd aortic arch

What arch gives rise to maxillary artery?

1st aortic arch

What arch gives rise to stapedial artery?

2nd aortic arch

What arch gives rise to ductus arteriosus?

Left 6th aortic arch

What is the fate of the left umbilical vein after birth?

Ligamentum teres hepatis

What is the fate of the ductus arteriosus after birth?

Ligamentum arteriosum

What is the fate of the ductus venosus after birth?

Ligamentum venosum

What is the fate of the right horn of sinus venosus?

Sinus venarum of right atrium

What is the fate of the left horn of sinus venosus?

Coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium

What is the fate of vitelline veins?

Portal vein, hepatic veins, part of IVC

What is the fate of common cardinal veins?

SVC, IVC, azygos system

What is the fate of umbilical veins?

Left persists → ligamentum teres hepatis