Che 001 Midterm - UC Davis

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

OH⁻

Hydroxide

NO₃⁻

Nitrate

SO₄²⁻

Sulfate

CO₃⁻²

Carbonate

PO₄³⁻

Phosphate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

Acetate

HCO₃⁻

Bicarbonate

ClO₃⁻

Chlorate

CN⁻

Cyanide

NO₂⁻

Nitrite

ClO₄⁻

Perchlorate

MnO₄⁻

Permanganate

CrO₄²⁻

Chromate

O₂²⁻

Peroxide

SO₃²⁻

Sulfite

What are the 2 types of pure substances?

elements and compounds

In clockwise order, what are the 5 things listed for each element on the periodic table?

Atomic mass, symbol, chemical group block, name, and atomic number

What are the most abundant elements on earth?

Main group elements

What type of element is found in columns 1, 2, and 13-18?

Main group elements

What type of element is found in columns 3-12?

Transition metals

What is a period (on the periodic table)

Elements in the same row

What is a group on the periodic table?

Elements in the same column

Do groups or periods share similar properties?

Groups

True/False: most of the elements on the periodic table are nonmetals

False— most are metals

What are the 3 characteristics of metals

1: solidifies at room temp

2: shiny in appearance

3: good conductors of heat and electricity

What are the 4 characteristics of nonmetals?

1. Can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temp

2. Normally dull in appearance

3. Poor conductors of heat and electricity

4. Cannot be deformed without breaking or cracking

What type of mixture has uniform composition?

Homogenous

What kind of mixture is not uniformly distributed in space? Composition varies from spot to spot

Heterogenous

Species that contain single atoms as fundamental units

Monatomic species

Pure substances and mixtures are examples of what?

Matter classified by composition

Species that contain molecules with multiple atoms (same or different elements) as fundamental units

Molecular species

Liquid....have a fixed shape

Liquid...adapt to the shape of a container

Liquid...a fixed volume

Does not, can, has

Solids have a...shape

Solids have a...volume

Fixed, fixed

Gas has a...shape

Gas has a...volume

Indefinite, indefinite

What type of matter has closely packed particles with little freedom to move>

Solid

What type of matter has randomly arranged particles with freedom to move?

Liquid

What does (s), (l), (g) and (aq) mean?

solid, liquid, gas, aqueous (dissolves in water)

A change with no alteration to the chemical composition is a

Physical change

A change which involves the formation of new substances is a

Chemical change

What are intensive properties?

Properties that exist regardless of scale: density, color, temperature etc

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

C+273.15=K

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

(F - 32) / 1.8 = C

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Kelvin?

First convert F to C. Then add 273.15

How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

(C x 1.8) + 32 = F

How do you convert Kelvin to Fahrenheit?

First: (K-273.15) = C

Second: Cx1.8+32 = F

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Atoms

smallest builiding blocks of matter

Ions

variation of atoms with added or subtracted electrons

Anion

negatively charged ion (gained electrons)

Cation

A positively charged ion (loose an electron)

Molecules

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

elements

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Compounds

2 or more elements chemically combined

molecular compounds

composed of two or more non metals

ionic compounds

when a non metal and metal combine

Mixtures

combonation of two+ pure substances

substances

A class of matter made up by elements and compounds.

Homogenous mixtures

uniform in composition

Heterogenous mixtures are...

not uniform in composition

Per

(prefix) one more oxygen than "ate"

Hypo

(prefix) 1 less oxygen than "ite"

ide

monoatomic

ite

1 less oxygen (2)

ate

1 more oxygen (3)