All MCQs Unit 5 The first set of experiments to prove that bacteria can take up DNA from its surroundings and get transformed into a genetic variant

Griffith

The scientist who performed the first experiments to prove bacteria can take up DNA from surroundings and get transformed.

TATAAAA

A common promoter sequence in many eukaryotic genes.

Ribosomes

The organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.

multiple members of the family have it

Evidence of a disorder being heritable.

Folate and Vitamin D

The important biomolecule that melanin protects in humans.

CRISPR Cas9

The molecular ‘scissors’ that can cut DNA at a customized specific site.

Duplication

A correct chromosomal mutation identified as one of the types defined in genetics.

Oka Zaki fragments

NOT part of post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes.

All of the above

The reason Mendel chose garden peas for his experiments on heredity.

An enzyme called ligase joins Oka Zaki fragments together.

The event of DNA replication that only occurs on the lagging strand.

the enzymes will be produced in excess even when lactose is absent

The result of a deletion mutation in the lacI gene in bacteria.

Frameshift addition

The type of mutation referenced in the given DNA sequence.

Nonsense substitution

The type of mutation that results in the premature termination of protein translation.

B, E, A, C D

The correct order of events in protein synthesis from DNA to ribosome.

Ability of one gene to control the expression of another gene

The definition of 'epistasis'.

Uracil

The base found only in RNA.

mRNA 2

The mRNA that will code for the shortest amino acid chain.

Gene mutations can result in a defective protein that is involved in the synthesis or absorption of melanin

How gene mutation can result in conditions like albinism.

tRNA

The molecule that carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.

silent mutation

The mutation that has no effect on the protein structure.

purine always pairs with a pyrimidine

The structural feature of DNA that maintains a constant diameter.

homozygous recessive

The term for an individual possessing two recessive alleles for the same trait.

1/2

The probability of offspring being homozygous recessive in a cross between a homozygous recessive parent and a heterozygous parent.

3:1

The phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents.

box 3

The box representing a child that does not have freckles in a Punnett square.

hereditary information

What DNA stores.

DNA helix will not unzip before replication

What a cell would be unable to accomplish without the enzyme helicase.

hydrogen bonds

What holds two strands of DNA together.

One allele is inherited from each parent

Why alleles exist in pairs in diploid organisms.

an amino acid

What is NOT part of a nucleotide in a DNA molecule.

Replication occurs continuously in opposite directions in the two strands.

The false statement comparing leading and lagging strands in DNA replication.

A gene

What codes for a protein.

a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid

The description of a codon.

RNA is produced

What happens during transcription.

DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

The incorrect statement about the difference between DNA and RNA.

produces haploid gametes

What best describes the process of meiosis.

Group O

The blood group with a homozygous recessive genotype.

AB and O

The marriage that cannot have a baby with the blood group of either parent.

aa

The genotype of individual #1 in the pedigree chart shown.

If adenine is on one strand, thymine must be on the other strand.

How Chargaff's rules explain the structure of DNA.

The chromosomes in the cell lack a homologous pair in the same cell.

The evidence that a cell with 23 chromosomes is a product of meiosis.

50%

The probability of the son having DMD if I-1 and I-2 have another son.

calculating probability of albinism in a family using punnett squares

An example that is NOT considered an application of genetic engineering.

RPE65 is not the only gene responsible for normal vision

The reason gene therapy used to treat Molly's blindness cannot be used for all patients of LCA.

Daughter DNA has one new strand and one old strand

Why DNA replication is described as ‘semi-conservative’.

0%

The probability of the daughters having hemophilia in a hemophiliac male and a carrier female.

Leber Congenital Amaurosis

A disorder that can be treated effectively with gene therapy.

Prophase I

The phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes engage in crossing over.

Meiosis produces genetically identical cells while mitosis creates genetic variations

The incorrect statement comparing mitosis and meiosis.

Polynucleotides

Both DNA and RNA are classified as this.

Messenger RNA is an output for the process of transcription and an input for the process of translation.

The accurate statement about the inputs and outputs of transcription and translation.

Recombination produces a new combination of genes.

The role of recombination in increasing genetic diversity.

Metaphase I

The phase of meiosis where Mendel’s law of independent assortment can be observed.

Immunoglobulin

Not a type of antigen present on the surface of human RBCs.

Ambiguous

The term that follows the genetic code is redundant but never __________.

DNA → RNA → Protein

The flow of information in biological systems, summarized as the 'Central dogma of molecular biology'.

22 + XX

The accurate representation of the number of autosomes and sex chromosomes in human females.

Methionine

The first amino acid added in every polypeptide chain.

299

The number of peptide bonds in a protein with 300 amino acids.

Introns

The portions of DNA that do not code for a protein.

Nuclear pores

The passageway through which mRNA exits the nucleus and arrives at the ribosome.

UV radiation

The action of which mutagens results in a thymine dimer in the DNA.

a virus

The genetic vector used in the case of the patient Molly for delivering corrected genes.

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

The components making up the backbone of the DNA molecule.

Glycine

The amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon CCU.

Plasmid

The extra circular piece of DNA often present in prokaryotic cells used as a genetic engineering tool.

Lac operon is an inducible operon

The correct description of the operon studied in the bacterium E. coli.

Epigenome

The group of chemicals that can modify the eukaryotic genome to prevent RNA polymerase from accessing a gene.

Anticodon

The item that is NOT a functional site on an operon.