Positive Psych Exam 1

True or False: Positive Psychology is both a scientific and applied approach to psychology.

True

What topics are included in the definition of positive psychology?

Psychological strengths and positive emotions

True or False: Before WW II, the primary mission in psychology was curing mental illness.

False

With most psychologists preoccupied with human weakness and pathology, what would most of their focus be on?

Understanding and treating mental illness

As a result of increased research and funding for understanding and treating mental illness, psychologists focused less on the missions of making lives better and more on…

identifying and nurturing high talent

What quality has been shown to be most likely to serve as a buffer to mental illness?

Courage

In Snyder’s story about the airport delay, upon learning that their flights were behind schedule the passengers reacted to the news by…

using a variety of healthy coping mechanisms

What is a social construct?

a perspective or definition agreed upon by many people that constitutes reality

What do the authors suggest would help contribute to the success of positive psychology?

Holding it to higher standards of logic and science

The purpose of We Want You To Experience personal mini experience in Chapter 1 is to demonstrate that…

people have more control over their lives than they think

According to Aristotle, which entity should be responsible for development of virtue?

The government

Thomas Aquinas referred to faith, hope and charity as part of the….

Seven heavenly virtues

Which of the following religions have been disputed by scholars as being a part of eastern or western cultures?

Islam

In Hinduism, what does karma refer to?

Attaining a better placement in the world in the next life

Considering that citizens in individualist countries strive to stand out from others, which of these qualities is a high need?

Uniqueness

In traditional eastern culture, what orientation to time is most common?

Valuing a past orientation over the future

The Taoist yin and yand symbol represent…

The balance between opposing forces and desires

What level of similarity is rated as being the most comfortable for people?

Moderate to high levels of similarity

Although it is highly valued in eastern cultures, ________ has received minimal attention by positive psychology.

harmony

True or False: Eastern stories ten to feature the value of attaining personal gain while potentially losing something else.

False

Karl Menninger sought to change the diagnostic system by encouraging a shift away from describing states or conditions and toward describing…

life processes

Donald Clifton views strengths as extensions of

talent

What basic questions spurred the creation of the VIA classification system?

How can we define strengths? How can we tell if a youth development program is meeting its goals?

The Search’s Institute’s 40 Developmental Assets contribute to thriving in young people because the assets are…

commonsense positive experiences and qualities

The translation of a measure into another language is called?

Linguistic equivalence

Researchers have been shown to mistakenly believe that because their measure has linguistic equivalence it also has…

conceptual equivalence

Which of these is a component of social well-being?

Integration

What term best applies to someone who is experiencing high levels of emotional, psychological, and social well-being?

flourishing

The authors indicate subjective well-being refers to…

emotional well-being and happiness

What is the type of love called agape?

a spiritual love that signifies selflessness and altruism.

Abraham Maslow

Psychologist known for the hierarchy of needs theory. It suggests that individuals have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Coined the term positive psychology

Martin Seligman

- Psychologist known for his work in positive psychology and the theory of learned helplessness.

- Focused on improving mental well-being and promoting happiness

- He also studied optimism and pessimism

Mihaly Csikzentmihalyi

- Psychologist known for his concept of "flow," a state of optimal experience where individuals are fully immersed and focused in an activity, feeling a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment.

- focuses on happiness and creativity

Christopher Peterson

- Positive psychology researcher known for his work on character strengths and virtues. Co-author of the book "Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification".

- One of the most cited authors

- One of the founders

Albert Bandura

Psychologist known for his social learning theory. Believed that behavior is learned through observation and imitation. Introduced the concept of self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to succeed. Conducted the famous Bobo Doll experiment to demonstrate the influence of role models on behavior.

Donald Clifton

Psychologist known for his work on strengths-based approach in positive psychology. Co-founder of Gallup Organization. Pioneered the development of the CliftonStrengths assessment, identifying individual strengths. Emphasized focusing on strengths rather than weaknesses for personal and professional growth.

Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan

Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan are psychologists known for their work on self-determination theory. They propose that individuals have innate psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These needs drive intrinsic motivation and optimal human functioning.

Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan co-authored the book "Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior" together.

Ed Deiner

Psychologist known for his work in the field of subjective well-being and happiness. He developed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to measure overall life satisfaction. Deiner's research focuses on factors that contribute to happiness, such as social relationships, income, and personal values.

known as Dr. Happiness

Carol Dweck

Psychologist known for her work on mindset. She introduced the concept of "growth mindset" which emphasizes the belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through effort and learning. Contrasted with "fixed mindset" which believes intelligence is fixed and cannot be changed.

believed failure = learning

Barbara Fredrickson

Psychologist known for her research on positive emotions and the broaden-and-build theory. She suggests that positive emotions broaden our mindset and build our resources, leading to increased resilience and well-being. Fredrickson's work highlights the importance of cultivating positive emotions for personal growth and flourishing.

Roy Baumesiter

Psychologist known for his research on self-control, willpower, and the concept of ego depletion. He found that self-control is like a muscle that can be strengthened through practice. Baumeister's work highlights the importance of self-control in achieving long-term goals and resisting short-term temptations.

focus on enhancing one’s positive strengths

Sonja Lyubomirksy

Psychologist known for her research on happiness and positive psychology. She focuses on the factors that contribute to long-term happiness and how individuals can increase their overall well-being.

Johnathan Haidt

Psychologist known for his research on moral psychology and political psychology. Explores how moral judgments are influenced by emotions, intuition, and cultural factors. Developed the Social Intuitionist Model, which suggests that moral judgments are primarily based on immediate emotional reactions, with reasoning serving as post-hoc justification.\

Angela Duckworth

Psychologist known for her research on grit, the combination of passion and perseverance. Grit is a key predictor of success in various domains, such as education, sports, and business. Duckworth's work emphasizes the importance of effort and resilience in achieving long-term goals.

cofounder of character lab

also founded the grit scale

Adam Grant

Organizational psychologist known for his work on motivation, success, and giving. Author of "Give and Take" and "Originals". TED speaker. Wharton professor.

Focused on generosity, helping, leadership