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How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles imposed heavy reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions on Germany after World War I, leading to economic hardship and political instability that contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II.
Explain Hitler’s racial ideology
Hitler's racial ideology was based on the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of other races, particularly Jews, whom he blamed for Germany's problems. This ideology justified extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and the pursuit of a racially pure state.
Why did the Nazis need Lebensraum?
The Nazis needed Lebensraum, or "living space," to expand German territory and resources, which they believed was essential for national survival and the growth of the Aryan race.
How did Hitler initially violate the Treaty of Versailles?
Hitler initially violated the Treaty of Versailles by rearming Germany, rebuilding the military, and sending troops into the demilitarized Rhineland in 1936, actions that directly contravened the treaty's military restrictions.
What was the League’s response when Japan invaded China?
The League of Nations condemned Japan's actions but failed to take effective measures to stop the invasion or assist China, highlighting its limitations in enforcing international peace.
Who were the allies and how did they react to German rearmament?
The Allies were a coalition of countries, including the United Kingdom, France, and later the United States and the Soviet Union, who opposed the Axis powers. They were initially concerned but took limited action against German rearmament, believing it would lead to further conflict.
Why did Mussolini invade Ethiopia?
To avenge a humiliating Italian defeat of them there in 1896.
What was the reaction of the League of Nations when Mussolini invaded Ethiopia?
They voted for economic sanctions and imposed an arms embargo (restricting trade and military supplies)
What was the response of Britain and France to German troops in the Rhineland? What is the Rhineland?
The Rhineland is a region in western Germany that was demilitarized after World War I. Britain and France responded with a policy of appeasement, choosing not to intervene militarily when German troops were sent there in 1936.
Why did the Allies choose appeasement for so long when dealing with Hitler?
The Allies believed that satisfying Hitler's demands would prevent another large-scale war, as they were still recovering from the devastation of World War I. They also believed his demands were reasonable and limited for uniting all Germans.
What was the relationship between the Spanish Civil War and WWII?
It provides a training ground for WWII. It was seen as a “dress rehearsal” for WWII because militaries tested new military techniques.
What was the Anschluss? How was it started?
The Anschluss was the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938, initiated by Hitler's push for unification of all German-speaking peoples. It was marked by a combination of political pressure and military threat.
Why did Germany want the Sudetenland? What was the Sudetenland?
The Sudetenland was a region in Czechoslovakia with a significant ethnic German population. Germany sought it to expand its territory and unite German-speaking peoples, claiming it was necessary for the protection of ethnic Germans.
How did the Allies (being France and Britain) react to the take over of Sudetenland?
Britain and France leaders met at the Munich conference and decided to allow Germany to annex the Sudetenland in a policy of appeasement, believing it would prevent further aggression.
What was the Munich Conference?
A meeting in 1938 where Britain, France, Germany, and Italy discussed the fate of Czechoslovakia, ultimately allowing Germany to annex the Sudetenland.
What was the result of the Munich Conference?
The Munich Conference resulted in the agreement that Germany would annex the Sudetenland, a decision made without Czechoslovakian representation, which further emboldened Hitler's expansionist policies and that he would stopfurther territorial claims in Europe, although this promise was soon broken.
Who was not invited to the Munich Conference?
Czechoslovakia was not invited to the Munich Conference, despite being directly affected by the discussions regarding its territory.
What did Hitler do after taking over Sudetenland?
After taking over Sudetenland, Hitler proceeded to occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, further escalating tensions in Europe.
What, when, and why did the Allies agree to do if Hitler invaded more of Czechoslovakia?
The Allies agreed to support Czechoslovakia militarily if Hitler invaded further, aiming to deter his aggressive expansion in Europe after the Munich Agreement.
What did the Allies agree to do after Hitler broke his promise regarding taking over more of Czechoslovakia?
The Allies agreed that if Hitler invaded Poland, they would come to Poland's defense, marking a significant escalation in the conflict.
What did the Allies guarantee for Poland?
Polish independence
What was and what were the conditions leading to the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
The Nazi-Soviet Pact was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union signed in 1939, allowing both powers to invade and divide Eastern Europe (ESPECIALLY POLAND) without conflict.
What happened on September 1, 1939?
Germans invaded Poland.
What is a short summary of Hitler’s actions leading to WWII?
Hitler's aggressive expansionism included the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the annexation of Austria, and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, ultimately leading to the invasion of Poland in 1939.
