BTEC 3302 Midterm

What does a Punnett square show?

a. all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

b. only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross

c. only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross

d. all of Mendel's discoveries about genetic crosses

All the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

What is Test cross?

a. an organism of recessive phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.

b. an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.

c. an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous dominant individual.

d. an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a heterozygous dominant individual

An organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.

What is a pedigree?

a. a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

b. a geneticist who studies the inheritance of traits in humans

c. a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell

d. an allele passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome

A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

Physical exchange between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis I is called

a. Mutation b. Crossover c. Segregation d. Codominance

Crossover

Morgan's experiment was about the study of a. Epistasis b. Multiple alleles c. Genetic linkage d. Incomplete dominance

Genetic linkage

The Rabbits' Coat Color is an example of___________ a. Co-dominance b. Multiple Alleles c. Incomplete dominance d. None of the above

Multiple Alleles

Duplicate dominant epistasis is one of the 6 types of epistasis, which of the following relates to this epistasis?

a) dominant allele masking the expression of recessive alleles at two loci

b) dominant allele masks the expression of both dominant and recessive alleles at another locus

c) recessive allele masking the expression of dominant alleles at two loci

d) none of the above

Dominant allele masking the expression of recessive alleles at two loci

What are the limitations for Mendel's Laws of inheritance

a. a trait is only controlled by one pair of alleles

b. the distribution of segregated alleles in the gametes is random and independent

c. one allele must be complete dominant over the other allele

d. all of above statements apply

All of above statements apply

Which of the following is true about introns and exons?

a. introns code for proteins while exons do not code for proteins

b. introns do not code for proteins while exons code for proteins

c. introns are found in mature RNA

d. exons are spliced out of mature RNA

Introns do not code for proteins while exons code for proteins

What is a gene?

a. a segment of genetic material that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain

b. an organelle that synthesizes proteins

c. a protein that transcribes DNA

d. a segment of genetic material that only contains exons

A segment of genetic material that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain

Which of the following would be a type(s) of heterochromatin? a. interspersed heterochromatin

b. facultative heterochromatin

c. constitutive heterochromatin

d. b and c are correct

b and c are correct

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudogenes? a. they have lost their protein coding ability

b. they have protein coding ability

c. they have functional promoters

d. they have complete genes

They have lost their protein coding ability

What are transposons? a. DNA sequences that are duplicated

b. DNA sequences that code for polypeptides

c. DNA sequences that change its relative position

d. DNA sequences that do not change its relative position

DNA sequences that change its relative position

Which of the following are types of structural autosomal anomalies? a. deletions b. insertions c. inversions d. all of the statements apply

All of the statements apply

Which of the following is not a method of diagnosing genetic diseases? a. carrier testing b. premarital screening c. symptomatic diagnosis d. newborn screening

symptomatic diagnosis

Which of the following is not an approach used by gene therapy? a. increasing the amount of functional protein b. increasing the amount of toxins c. inserting genes d. inactivating genes

Increasing the amount of toxins

What is karyotyping? a. the process of pairing up an individual's complete set of chromosomes to detect abnormalities b. using fluorescently labelled DNA probes to tag chromosomes c. using human-rodent somatic cell hybrids to study the location of genes on chromosomes d. comparing genes from two different species

The process of pairing up an individual's complete set of chromosomes to detect abnormalities

Triple X syndrome results in an XXX genotype. This is an example of what type of genetic disorder? a. chromosome disorder b. mitochondrial disorder c. single gene disorder d. multifactorial disorder

chromosome disorder

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells? a. loss of cell cycle control b. can induce local blood vessel formation c. sensitive to antigrowth factor d. tissue invasion and metastasis

sensitive to antigrowth factor

Which genes play a role in cancer? a. DNA repair genes b. growth promoting genes c. growth inhibiting genes d. all of the statements apply

all of the statements apply

What is a proto-oncogene? a. genes that code for proteins that help regulate cell growth and differentiation. b. genes that code for cancer-inducing proteins c. genes that prevent the expression of DNA repair genes d. genes that promote the duplication of other genes

Genes that code for proteins that help regulate cell growth and differentiation

Which of the following does not describe apoptosis? a. results in death of the cell b. the purpose is to replace cells when they malfunction or become infected by a virus c. happens more commonly among cancer cells than healthy cells d. a trigger would be damage to the DNA

Happens more commonly among cancer cells than healthy cells

What is the role of telomerase? a. it replicates the DNA at telomeres b. it breaks down the DNA at telomeres c. it suppresses the expression of the genes within the telomeres d. both b and c are correct

It replicates the DNA at telomeres

What is gene transfer?

a. the transfer of a gene or DNA segment from one organism to another

b. the transfer of a gene or DNA segment from one chromosome to another chromosome

c. the transfer of a gene or DNA segment from an organism to a storage bank

d. the transfer of a gene or DNA fragment from one location on a chromosome to another location on the same chromosome

The transfer of a gene or DNA segment from one organism to another

Which of the following describes electroporation? a. DNA is packed into a lipoplex and taken up by the cell by endocytosis b. cells are subjected to an electrical pulse to create temporary pores in the cell membrane c. cells are mechanically deformed to pass through a constriction that is narrower than the cell d. DNA is delivered into the cytoplasm using a fine needle

cells are subjected to an electrical pulse to create temporary pores in the cell membrane

Which of the following is not an instrument (physical) based gene transfer method? a. microinjection b. ultrasound c. jet injection d. all of the statements are instrument-based gene transfer methods

all of the statements are instrument-based gene transfer methods

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication? a. unwind the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases b. seal the gaps between Okazaki fragments c. synthesize RNA primers needed to start replication d. bind to single-stranded DNA to avoid DNA rewinding back

unwind the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Which of the following is not a characteristic of replisomes? a. a complex that carries out replication of DNA and is composed of 3 DNA polymerases b. carries out the replication of both the leading and lagging strand c. only carries out replication of the leading strand d. it synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction

only carries out replication of the leading strand

What is the difference between leading and lagging strand synthesis? a. leading strand synthesis is continuous while lagging strand synthesis includes the placement of Okazaki fragments b. leading strand synthesis includes the placement of Okazaki fragments while lagging strand synthesis is continuous c. leading strand synthesis uses primase while lagging strand synthesis does not use primase d. leading strand synthesis does not use primase while lagging strand synthesis does use primase

leading strand synthesis is continuous while lagging strand synthesis includes the placement of Okazaki fragments

Which of the following is a step in DNA replication? a. elongation b. initiation c. termination d. all of the statements apply

all of the statements apply

What is the purpose of adding a poly-A tail to mRNA? a. it is what activators bind onto b. it signifies where the end of an exon is c. it improves stability and facilitates its export from the nucleus d. it provides protection against degradation by enzymes in the cytoplasm

It improves stability and facilitates its export from the nucleus

Which of the following is not a characteristic of splicing? a. it involves the use of histone chaperones b. it can involve the removal of introns from mRNA c. it is done using an enzyme complex called a spliceosome d. there is more than one method of splicing

it involves the use of histone chaperones

When there is too much tryptophan in a cell, it triggers the _____________ to bind to the operator and prevents the synthesis of more tryptophan.? a. enhancer b. activator c. repressor d. deactivator

repressor

Which of the following is not involved in transcription? a. transcription factors b. ligase c. RNA polymerase II d. all of the statements are involved in transcription

Ligase

DNA loses 30-200 nucleotides with each DNA replication since the RNA primer cannot be replaced with DNA polymerase. What is this an example of? a. lagging strand synthesis b. the end replication problem c. premature termination d. none of the statements apply

the end replication problem