Studied by 2 peopleHydration
________ is the addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product.
Markovnikovs rule states
________ that in the addition of HX to an alkene, the major product arises from the H attaching to the double- bond carbon that has the larger number of H atoms directly attached to it and the X attaching to the carbon that has the smaller number of H atoms attached.
Hydrohalogenation
________ is the addition of HCl or HBr to a multiple bond to give an alkyl halide product.
Aromatic
________ is the class of compounds containing benzene- like rings.
Polymer
________ is a large molecule formed by the repetitive bonding together of many smaller molecules (or monomers) and a monomer is a small molecule that is used to prepare a(n) ________.
Cis trans isomer
________ are alkenes that have the same connections between atoms but differ in their three- dimensional structures because of the way those groups attach to different sides of the double bond.
→Halogenation
________ is the substitution of a halogen group (¬X) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
multiple bond
If the ________ is an equal distance from both ends, begin numbering at the end nearer the first branch point.
Nitration
________ is the substitution of a nitro group (¬NO2) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
Sulfonation
________ is the substitution of a sulfonic acid group (¬SO3H) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
Hydrogenation
________ is the addition of H2 to a multiple bond to give a saturated product.
Alkenes
________ display cis- trans isomerism when each double- bond carbon atom has different substituents.
Halogenation
________ (usually for alkene) is the addition of Cl2 or Br2 to a multiple bond to give a dihalide product.
Resonance
________ allows the electrons in the double bonds to be delocalized over the entire molecule, thus lowering the reactivity of the double bonds.
Ethene yields
________ polyethene upon polymerization, propene yields polypropene, and styrene yields polystyrene.
Multiple bonds
________ are chemically reactive.
Cis trans isomers
________ can have different physical and biological properties.
multiple bonds
Saturated molecule is a molecule in which each carbon atom has the maximum number of single bonds possible (four) and unsaturated molecule is a molecule that contains one or more carbon- carbon ________.
STEP 1
Name the parent compound
STEP 2
Number the carbon atoms in the main chain so that those with multiple bonds have the lowest index numbers possible
STEP 3
Write the full name
Four particularly important kinds of organic reactions involving alkynes and alkenes
additions, eliminations, substitutions, and rearrangements
→Addition reaction
A general reaction type in which a substance X¬Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds
→Elimination reaction
A general reaction type in which a saturated reactant yields an unsaturated product by losing groups from two adjacent atoms
→Substitution reaction
A general reaction type in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms
→Rearrangement reaction
A general reaction type in which a molecule undergoes bond reorganization to yield an isomer
The terms ortho-, meta-, or para
(or their single-letter equivalents) are then used as prefixes
saturated molecule
a molecule in which each carbon atom has the maximum number of single bonds possible (four)
addition reaction
A general reaction type in which a substance X¬Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.
substitution reaction
A general reaction type in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
elimination reaction
A general reaction type in which a saturated reactant yields an unsaturated product by losing groups from two adjacent atoms.
rearrangement reaction
A general reaction type in which a molecule undergoes bond reorganization to yield an isomer.
Note 
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