SFI Quiz Time Period 3

Revolution

radical changed/something new in the place of old

Top Down

the American Revolution starting from the upper class to the lower class

Republicanism

stability of society and government authority depending on virtue of citizenry

Radical Whigs

people in Parliament that saw monarchy as a threat to liberty (not supporting revolution, but not against it)

Mercantilism

colonies only exist to bring profit to England

Navigation Law

(example of Salutarian Neglect, law not enforced) colonies “forced” to mainly trade with England

John Hancock

previous smuggler that opposes England at the end of Salutarian Neglect (encourages revolutionary sentiment)

George Greenville

Prime Minister of England that viewed acts such as the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act as necessary in the view of Mercantilism

Stamp Act Congress

colonies express loyalty to the King while raising complaints (unity stepping stone)

Non-importation Agreements

boycotts of English products by the colonists

Tar and feathers

Sons of Liberty creating aggressive/violent spectacles to show that change is necessary

Townshend Acts

Prime Minister Charles Townshend puts duties on everyday objects enforced by redcoats—indirectly encourages smuggling and revolutionary sentiment

Charles Townshend

Prime minister that places taxes on everyday objects

Boston Massacre

colonists provoked red coats and they fired upon the crowd, killing people. both sides use this event as a means of propaganda

Committees of Correspondence

multiple groups that warn people in neighboring colonies about incidents with Britain (organized by Samuel Adams)

Tea Act

cause of Boston Tea Party, British gov trying to force colonist to buy cheaper tea

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Boston Port Act- port closed

Quebec Act- gave land colonists wanted to France

New Quartering Act

First Continental Congress

unified colonies in response to Intolerable Acts with a declaration of rights and boycotts on British goods

Paul Revere

warns minutemen of approaching British troops

Minutemen

farmers ready to become soldiers in case of battle/attack

Lexington and Concord

British arrive to apprehend colonists—Minutemen fight to capture British weaponry

Starts war

The Second Continental Congress

“Olive Branch Petition” by all colonies

After this, British declares colonies in state of rebellion making revolution inevitable

Thomas Paine

wrote “Common Sense” to encourage independence from Britain

Declaration of Independence

written by Thomas Jefferson to declare independence of all 13 colonies

Marquis de Lafayette

helps Americans w revolution indirectly bc he wants to harm Britain and incite revolutionary sentiment in France

Lord Dunmore

proclaimed slaves who fight for British in America will be set free (turns South against British)

Continental Army

not enough money for soldiers, poorly trained, forced to use Guerilla Warfare and War of Attrition tactics that British would never do

Bunker Hill Battle

British win but suffer many casualties, showing American soldiers strength (Washington crossing the Delaware)

Saratoga

(turning point) showed French that Americans could win the war—getting French directly involved thereafter (official alliance)

Southern Strategy (British)

Britain believed more Loyalists lived in the South

Battle of Yorktown

colonists win and redcoats surrender due to Britain being tired and spending too much money on the war

Cornwallis

British captain that surrendered in the Battle of Yorktown and causes the American Victory

Treaty of Paris

recognized independence, gave Americans all territory east of the Mississippi and fishing rights off Nova Scotia

Articles of Confederation

governing document that was framed around not being like England

Constitution

fixes problems with AoC by creating more powerful government with checks and balances

Land Ordinance of 1785

under AoC divded land into townships to prevent uncertain land claims (sets up future states and Westward Migration)

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

under AoC slavery outlawed in the Northwest territory to provide land for settlers

AoC Weaknesses

no standing army, no taxing

AoC Positives

kept states from forming republics, formed future states through Northwest Ordinance

Shays’ Rebellion

revolt against government for taking farmer’s land due to their debt

Daniel Shays

farmer and former colonial officer that led a rebellion when the government took his land