Shoulders and Upper Arm muscles

These flashcards cover key anatomical features and muscles related to the shoulder and upper arm, based on the provided notes.

rhomboideus group

The muscle group of the upper back that originates on cervical vertebra 7 and thoracic vertebrae 1-5 and acts to adduct the scapula.

head

A rounded process of a bone located at an articulation site.

glenoid cavity or fossa

The depression in the scapula where the head of the humerus rests.

supraspinatus

The muscle of the shoulder that originates on the posterior surface of the scapula above the spine.

acromion process

A large lateral projection formed by the spine of the scapula.

trapezius

The muscle of the upper back and neck that acts to shrug the shoulders and rotate the scapula.

coracoid process

The feature on the anterior, lateral region of the scapula.

serratus anterior

The muscle of the chest that originates on the first 8-9 ribs and acts to rotate the scapula forward.

sternal end

The medial end of the clavicle.

acromial end

The lateral end of the clavicle.

levator scapulae

The muscle of the upper back and neck that acts to elevate the scapula.

axillary border

The lateral border of the scapula.

vertebral border

The medial border of the scapula.

pectoralis minor

The deep muscle of the chest that originates on ribs 3-5 and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.

deltoid tuberosity

The raised area in the middle of the diaphysis of the humerus.

deltoid

The muscle of the shoulder that acts to abduct, flex, and extend the upper arm.

greater and lesser tubercles

Small, knob-like processes found on the humerus just distal to the neck.

subscapular fossa

The fossa on the anterior surface of the scapula.

supraspinous fossa

The fossa on the posterior surface of the scapula above the spine.

infraspinous fossa

The fossa on the posterior surface of the scapula below the spine.

pectoralis major

The superficial muscle of the chest that inserts on the intertubercular groove of the humerus and adducts the upper arm.

circumduction

Moving a body part such that its end follows a circular path.

latissimus dorsi

The large muscle of the back that extends and adducts the upper arm.

long bone

The classification of the humerus according to shape.

infraspinatus

The muscle of the shoulder that originates on the posterior surface of the scapula below the spine.

abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

ball and socket joint

The joint formed between the humerus and scapula that allows for abduction and adduction.

subscapularis

The muscle that originates on the anterior surface of the scapula and rotates the upper arm medially.

greater tubercle

The location where all muscles that rotate the upper arm laterally insert.

lesser tubercle

The location where all muscles that rotate the upper arm medially insert.

intertubercular groove

Another location where muscles that rotate the upper arm medially can insert.

teres minor

The muscle that inserts on the greater tubercle.

teres major

The muscle that inserts on the lesser tubercle.