The scientific method

Science

The organized study of the physical, material and living world.

Biology

The study of living things

Purpose of The Scientific Method

To solve a problem

Areas of study (4)

Botany

Zoology

Microbiology

Genetics

The scientific method

Observation → hypothesis → Experiment → Theory → Principle

Observation

The taking in of information received by the natural world.

Hypothesis

An educated guess based on an observation. gives a reasonable explanation to the observation.

Experimentation

Designed to test a hypothesis.

Collecting and interpreting data

The measurements, observations or information gathered from experiments.

Conclusion

An explanation of the result of the experiment

Where can the results be published

A reputable scientific journal

Theory

A hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments.

Principle

A theory that has shown to be valid when tested over a long period of time.

Law

A definitive, factual explanation of an aspect of science. e.g. law of conservation of mass.

Principles of experimentation (4)

1.Safety

2.Sample Size

3.Random selection (Avoid bias)

4.Replication (Ensure accuracy)

Limitations of the scientific method (3)

1.Extent of our knowledge

2.Accidental discovery (Alexander Fleming, penicilin)

3.Interpreting results (Scientists may interpret results differently)

Why is a control important

Provides a reference point

Removes bias

Increases accuracy