(Test 2) AP US GOV Vocab

Block grants

congress offers larger sums of money to states to take care of large purpose without any strings

Categorical grants

federal government offers money as long as states follow federal guidelines

Compact theory

the states created the ntl gov and could judge whether federal authorities broke the compact (contract) by overstepping their limited authority

Concurrent powers

powers held by both state and federa;

Conditions of aid/strings

specific requirements attached to categorical grants

Cooperative federalism/Fiscal federalism/revenue sharing

Congress distributes federal tax revenues to states to take care of particular national concerns

Delegated powers

expressed powers in the constitution

Devolution

devolving some responsibilities assumed by the federal government back to the states

Dual federalism

national government is supreme assumed by the fed gov back to the states

Federal income tax

expanded congress' reach of regulation in order to tax

Grants-in-aid

federal funds given to states to address basic needs but come in different forms with different requirements

Implied powers

powers from specifically listed in the constitution but deriving from the elastic clause

Mandates

require states to comply with a federal directive, sometimes with reward of funds and sometimes without

Marble cake federalism

federal state, local governments, and even private groups share federal money with interrelated goals

McCulloch v. Maryland

Banking is part of the federal gov business and appropriate under the necessary and proper clause

New federalism/devolution

Transferring certain powers from the federal government back to the states

Nullification

gave states the right to declare null and void any federal law states thought violated the constitution

Police powers

states have powers to create and enforce laws on health, safety, and morals

Privileges and immunities clause

protects rights of individual citizens and restricts states from discriminationg against out of state citizens

Selective exclusiveness

doctrine asserting that congress may regulate when a commodity requires national uniformity

Strict constructionist

someone who believes the constitution should be interpreted literally

Strings

specific requirements attached

Unitary government

single governing authority in a central capital with uniform law throughout the land

United States v. Lopez

a gun near school property does not have an impact on interstate commerce and is not covered by the commerce clause

Whiskey Rebellion

Controversy over federal tax on whiskey distillers that required military force to end. Questioned growing federal power.