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21 Terms
1
Database
A collection of related data that represents some aspect of the real world.
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2
DBMS (Database Management System)
A computerized system that enables users to create and maintain a database, facilitating processes such as defining, constructing, manipulating, and sharing databases.
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3
Schema
The description of a database's structure, specifying the data types, relationships, and constraints.
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4
Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
A high-level conceptual data model used to describe the structure of a database, represented in diagrams that show entities, attributes, and relationships.
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5
Data Normalization
The process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity.
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6
NoSQL Systems
New types of database systems designed to handle large volumes of unstructured data, often used for big data applications.
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7
Transaction
An executable program that includes one or more database accesses, ensuring that operations are processed reliably.
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8
Entity Type
A collection of similar entities in a database, defined by their attributes.
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9
Attribute
A property or characteristic of an entity, describing its features.
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10
Key Attribute
An attribute used to uniquely identify an entity within an entity type.
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11
Cardinality Ratio
The maximum number of instances of one entity that can be associated with instances of another entity in a relationship.
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12
Concurrency Control
The management of simultaneous operations on a database to ensure the integrity of data.
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13
Referential Integrity Constraint
A relational database constraint that requires relationships between tables to be valid, ensuring that foreign keys match primary keys.
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14
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
A language for manipulating data in a database, including operations like retrieval, insertion, and deletion.
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15
Data Definition Language (DDL)
A language for defining the database schema, including its structure.
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16
Anomaly
A flaw or inconsistency in the database that can arise from poor design or redundant data storage.
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17
Physical Design
The phase during which the internal storage structures and file organizations of a database are specified.
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18
Logical Design
The phase in database design where the conceptual schema is transformed into a logical data model suitable for implementation.
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19
Database Catalog
A collection of metadata that describes the database structure, including schemas, constraints, and access paths.
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20
Shared Database
A database designed to be accessed by multiple users simultaneously.
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21
Application Program Interface (API)
A set of protocols for building and interacting with software applications, facilitating database access.
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