HG 2 Gene Transmission and Mendelian Genetics

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a lecture on gene transmission and Mendelian genetics.

Gene Transmission

The study of how traits and characteristics are passed from one generation to another.

Cell Theory (1850s)

The idea that cells are the basic unit of all living things.

Transmission Genetics

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Mendelian Inheritance

Traits passed down following Mendel's established rules.

Self-Pollination

Transfer of pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma within the same flower.

Cross-Pollination

Transfer of pollen from one flower to another flower.

Breeding True

Plants consistently producing offspring with the same traits when self-pollinated.

Parental Generation (P)

The initial two plants cross-pollinated, each with contrasting characteristics.

First Filial Generation (F1)

The first generation of offspring resulting from the parental mating.

Second Filial Generation (F2)

The offspring produced from pollination experiments with the F1 generation.

Recessive Traits

Traits that disappeared in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation.

Dominant Traits

Traits present in the F1 generation and remaining abundant in subsequent generations.

Phenotype

The observable appearance of an organism or a measurable trait.

Genotype

The underlying genetic makeup of an organism.

Genes

Fundamental unit of heredity that determine traits.

Alleles

Alternative forms of the same gene.

Homozygous

Having two copies of the same allele.

Heterozygous

Having differing alleles for a particular gene.

Mendel's Model of Inheritance

Genes are transmitted from parent to offspring; gene pairs separate during gamete formation (meiosis).

Punnett Squares

A diagram used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.

Dihybrid Cross

A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for two different traits.

Independent Assortment

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Human Pedigrees

Family trees that look at the inheritance of traits, using a common international language.

Incomplete dominance

A blending of characteristics from parents in offspring

Multiple Alleles

Traits with more than two different alleles.

Codominance

Two alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygous state.