Software Engineering

Midterm Vocabulary

Agile manifesto

The ____ ____ states:

We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value:

1. individuals and interactions over process tools

2. Working software over comprehensive documentation

3. Customer Collaboration over contract negotiation

4. responding to change over following a plan

That is, while there is a value in the item in the right, we value the items on the left more.

Assert

____  is a macro used for debugging purposes to check conditions that are expected to be true during program execution.

Wicked Problem

A ____ ____ is a complex social or cultural issue that is difficult or impossible to solve because its definition, requirements, and solutions are constantly changing, incomplete, contradictory, and interconnected

Design Patterns

____ ____ are reusable, generalized solutions to a commonly occurring problem in software design, acting as blueprints for structuring code and managing relationships between components rather than specific code itself.

Waterfall

The ____ model is a linear, sequential project management and software development methodology where each phase must be completed before the next can begin

Program System Product

A ____ ____ ____ is a combination of the system and product. Cost is 9 times more than a program

Program Product

____ ____ is software that requires much more testing, maintenance, and documentation. People will really use it. Costs 3 times more than a program.

System Testing/System Test

____ ____ is the phase of a project dedicated to testing and debugging the entire system. it is often the most mis-scheduled part of programming, with insufficient time allocated. leading to significant delays and problems closer to delivery date. (From: The Mythical Man Month)

Brooks’ Law

____ ____ States: “Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later.” This law explains that new people require training, and existing workers are interrupted to help them, increasing communication overhead and further delaying the project. (From: The Mythical Man Month)

Modularization

____ is designing a system with independent, interchangeable components (modules) to facilitate flexibility and change

Conceptual Integrity

____ ____ is the consistency and clarity of a system design, which is often easier to achieve in later versions after initial learning.

Communication/Organization

Brook’s Essay “Why did the tower of Babel Fail” gives a project management audit for the tower of babel. He lists all the areas in the project’s favor including:

• clear mission

• manpower

• materials

• enough time

• and technology 

The area that made it fail was ____

Testing

____ is executing software to find defects

Quality

Software ____ describes the degree to which software satisfies stated and implied needs

Construction

According to McConnell, what is the best metaphor to conceptualize software development? ____

Requirments

____ describe in detail what a software system is supposed to do, and they are the first step towards a solution

Interoperability

____ is the ability of a system to share data or resources with other software or hardware

Earlywave

____ environments have few programming language choices available, and those languages tend to be buggy and poorly documented

Stepwise

____ Refinement is: Incrementally developing more detailed design.

Information Hiding

____ ____ is concealing design decisions to limit change impact

Temporal

____ Cohesion - tasks grouped by timing requirements

Coincidental

____ Cohesion - unrelated tasks grouped arbitrarily

Exceptions

____ a specific means by which code can pass along errors or exceptional events to the code that called it

Hard

____ - coding — Embedding fixed values directly into code

Readability

____ - how easily code can be read and understood

Adaptability

____ - the extent to which a system can be used, without modification, in applications or environments other than those for which it was specifically designed

Jira

Guest: Luke Coleman

A popular project management tool used in software development to track work items, bugs, and features?

Kanban

Guest: Luke Coleman

A lean method to manage and improve work across human systems, focusing on real-time capacity and flow of work with a ”To-do”, “Doing”, “Done” board

Test Driven Development (TDD)

Guest: Jennifer Tate

A software development approach where you first write tests for the functionality you want. Then develop the code to pass those tests, emphasizing the early and continuous testing. (Three words or the acronym)

Seed Stage

Guest: TongTong Gong

The early stage of a start up when founders are developing the idea and seeking initial investment, often from friends, family, and angel investors (two words)

Total Addressable Market (TAM)

Guest: TongTong Gong
The total revenue opportunity available if your company captured 100% of the entire market (3 words or acronym)

Halo Effect

Guest: Aaron Moore

A cognitive bias where an interviewer lets one positive attribute (eg. a great resume detail) overly influence their overall impression of the candidate, possibly overlooking a flaw

Behavioral Interview

Guest: Aaron Moore

an interview format that uses a question about past experiences (“Tell me about a time when…”) to predict future performance. It’s grounded in the idea that past behavior is the best indicator of future behavior (two words)

Tokens

____ are portions of words that can be strung together to form coherent thoughts in the context of an LLM

Sentiment

____ Analysis is an LLM capability used to analyze and summarize the overall mood or emotion from the text, such as product reviews

Universally Unique

UUID (____ ____ Identifier): a 16-byte number used as a unique identifier for devices or characteristics in BLE

Bluetooth

BLE (____ Low Energy) is a wireless technology used in various devices like fitness trackers, smart locks, medical devices, and payment systems. It is often insecure.