TFN QUIZ 2 REVIEW: ROGERS & ERIKSON

Carl Rogers

Who created the Person Centered Practice theory?

Actualizing Tendency

• Finding one’s talent and potential

• Inherent drive to develop one’s talents and potential.

Organism

• Center of all individuals’ experiences

Phenomenal Field

• Total sum of all conscious and unconscious experiences

• All the experiences you have had that makes you you.

• Things that shape a person that changes their decision because of past experiences.

Self or Self-Concept

The organized perception of one’s own characteristics

Ideal Self

• What a person would like to be

• The person who you strive to be and the person you want to become

Congruence

• The self concept > with the organism's experience

• Surrounded in an environment or experiences that jive with who we are

  • Ex. Supportive family

Incongruence

• Mismatch between the self-concept and organism’s experience

• In a situation where your environment does not support who you are

Unconditional Positive Regard

• Accepting and valuing a person without judgment or conditions

  • Ex. Regardless of any flaws or negativities, you still support and love the person

• Finding out why a person acts the way they do before judging them

Conditions of Worth

• When a person is only valued if they meet certain criteria

Congruence leads to psychological health

When your real self matches your ideal self, you experience greater self-acceptance and well-being.

Incongruence leads to behavioral problems

When your real self and ideal self do not match, you may experience anxiety, distress, or unhealthy behaviors

Unconditional positive regard fosters self-actualization

Being accepted and valued without conditions helps people grow, develop, and reach their potential.

People are inherently good

Rogers believed people naturally have a positive tendency toward growth and self-improvement.

Every person is unique

Each individual has their own experiences, perceptions, feelings, and way of understanding the world.

The client is the expert

The client knows their own experiences best; the therapist guides rather than dictates solutions.

The present is most important

Focus on the person’s current feelings, experiences, and choices rather than mainly on the past.

Behavior is goal-oriented

People’s behavior is motivated by their desire to achieve goals and fulfill their potential.

Structure and Linkages

• Relationship between organisms between organisms (all experiences) and self (the organized part of those experience

Empathy, Congruence, Unconditional Positive Regard

Three main points of the Person-Centered Approach

Personality & Identity, Social & Cultural Influence, Developmental Support

Purpose of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development

Personality & Identity

Explains how personality and identity develop throughout life.

Social & Cultural Influence

Highlights how relationships and culture shape development.

Developmental Support

Helps understand normal development and support people facing developmental crises.

Psychosocial Theory of Development

Theory that Erik Erikson created

Psychological Development

• The interaction of psychological needs with social and cultural expectations at each stage of life

Stages

• Eight distinct development stages spanning from infancy to adulthood

Crisis/Conflict

• a central developmental challenge  at each stage that must be resolved (pos or neg)

Virtue

• Characteristics gathered from the different stages of life

• Strength of quality gained from successful resolution

Identity

• One's sense of self shaped by successful navigation of these stages

Trust vs. Mistrust

• The baby only hears the beating heart of the mom for 9 months and they only stop crying when they feel the warmth of their mom; Infancy

Hope

Virtue of Infancy

Physiological Needs, Safety, Consistency

Basic needs to be met during Infancy

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Develop a sense of independence; childhood

Will

Virtue of Childhood

Initiative vs. Guilt

• Take the initiative on some activities

3 - 6

Age of Play Age

18 months - 3

Age of Infancy

Purpose

Virtue of Play Age

Industry vs. Inferiority

• Develops self-confidence in abilities

Competence

Virtue of School Age

7 - 11

Age of School Age

Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Experiment with and develop identity and roles

• Finding out who you are

• What kind of person you want to be

• By the end, you have a clearer view of your self

Fidelity

Virtue of Adolescence

Intimacy Vs. Isolation

• Establish intimacy and relationship with other

• Does not necessarily have to be with a person; relation is formed with someone or something

Love

Virtue of Early Adulthood

19 - 29

Age of Early Adulthood

Generativity vs. Stagnation

• Contribute to society and be part of a family

• “What can I do for other people?”

Care

Virtue of Middle Adulthood

30 - 64

Age of Middle Adulthood

Integrity vs. Despair

• Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contribution

• Achieved everything that you have wanted in life

Wisdom

Virtue of Old Age

65+

Age of Old Age

Successful resolution leads to psychological growth and well-being

Successfully resolving a conflict builds a positive quality; failure may cause difficulties in later stages.

Crisis can happen with interaction

Psychosocial crises arise through interactions between the individual and their social environment.

Development is lifelong and cumulative

Development continues throughout life, with earlier experiences affecting later development.

Sequential/chronological

The 8 stages occur in a specific order, from infancy to old age.

Unresolved conflicts may occur if not addressed

If a conflict is not properly resolved, it can affect future relationships, behavior, and development.