Govt 2305; Court cases

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)

They can refuse to salute & pledge allegiance to the flag on grounds their religious faith

Mendez v. Westminster (1947)

Equal protection clause of the 14th had been violated

Brown v. Board of Education I, (1954/1956)

Reverses Plessy v Ferguson (1896) "Separate but Equal"

Gideon Wainwright (1963)

The 6th Amendment's guarantee of counsel is a fundamental & essential right

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964)

Exercising the Commerce Clause power. (Refused service due to skin color)

Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)

1st Amendment Freedom of Speech right. (Can say whatever as long as falls short of actually inciting action.)

New York Times v. United States (1971)

1st Amendment & Prior Restraint issue.

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona (1977)

Violated 1st & 14th Amendment as; commercial speech does merit 1st Amendment protection given the important functions it serves in society.

Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

Federal Constitution confers [no] fundamental right upon homosexuals to engage in society.

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992)

Title IX. Money to remedy the violation of a right.

R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul (1992)

"Hate speech" is constitutionally protected. Fighting word speech has never been a violation.

Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah (1992)

1st Amendment Free Exercise Clause.

Gonzales v Oregon (1994)

Essentially the court ruled that a law allowing doctors to use drugs to facilitate the deaths of terminally ill patients who requested such assistance was not a violation of the CSA.

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

"The Texas statutes furthers no legitimate state interested which can justify its intrusion into the personal & private life of the individual."

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

Race-conscious admissions program does not unduly harm nonminority applicants.

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

2nd Amendment provides a constitutional right to have one at home.

City of Laudo v. Gilleo (2010)

1st Amendment protects right to freedom of speech. Even flags/signs in yard.

United States v. Jones (2011)

4th Amendment issue, unreasonable search & seizure.

US v. Windsor (2013)

DOMA was struct down by the Supreme Court in 2013 under the 5th Amendment Due Process Clause & equal protection.

In E.E.O.C. v. Abercombie & Finch Stores (2015)

Title VII of the US Code prevents retail stores from refusing to hire Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies.

Holt v. Hobbs (2015)

Grooming policy, violates religious rights

Masterpiece Cake Shop Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission (2017)

Has the right to refuse service due to religious beliefs... In the end ruled that the Civil Rights Commission violated Mr. Phillips rights under the 1st Amendment.

Hawaii v. Trump (2018)

Does not violate the president's statutory authority or the Establishment Clause.

Iancu v. Brunetti (2019)

Lanham Act was a viewpoint based and therefore violated the 1st Amendment.

Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue (2020)

Violation of the Free Exercise Clause

Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (2020)

1st Amendment right to the free exercise of religion, particularly as secular businesses in the same areas remained open. "The loss of the 1st Amendment freedoms, for even minimal periods of time, unquestionably constitutes irreparable injury."

Mahanoy Area School District v. BL (2021)

Violated the 1st Amendment by punishing a student for a vulgar social media message sent while she was not on school grounds. Cannot take action because not "fighting words".

National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (2021)

Found that the NCAA rules blankly promoting student-athletes from receiving certain types of compensation violate the federal antitrust laws.

Federalist Papers

alexander hamilton and james madison wrote these

George Gallup

Father of modern polling, 1 out of 3 men to take polling mainstream

Elmo Romper & Archibald Crossley

2 of the 3 men to take polling mainstream

Adam Smith

Free Market, Conservative

John Locke

Equality, Liberal

Priming

The process of making some criteria more important than others when evaluating a politician, problem, or issue

Framing

the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted

Social Disirability Effect

the response is what interviewer wants to hear rather what they believe

1st political party

The federalists, created by alexander hamilton

Abe Lincoln

formed republican party

Andrew jackson

formed democratic party

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

introduced the notion that spending money on behalf of the candidate or a political party is a form of protected speech