2.9 Design for manufacture and project management

planning for accuracy and efficiency

effective research and development prior to the final manufacture of a product with a detailed specification and testing prior

quality assurance (QA)

the procedures and policies put in place to reduce waste and ensure manufactured products are produced accurately and within set tolerances

accuracy of prototypes

relies on UCD, with client feedback playing a major part in the success of a prototype

accuracy in production

QC checks used with client feedback, the QC used depend on the scale of production with the efficiency and cost

project management systems

aim to improve efficiency and reduce waste within all elements of production

Total Quality Management (TQM)

project management system focusing on QA through the full involvement of the workforce in continual improvement, aims to reduce waste and produce products right first time

scrum

A project management method, which focuses on the organisation of workforce teams to reduce the lead time of projects

six sigma

a set of techniques and tools for process improvement which is designed to minimise defects

five key stages of six sigma

- define

- measure

- analyse

- improve

- control

lean manufacture

a systematic approach which aims to eliminate all waste from product production

muda

waste, anything that doesn't benefit the client

the seven forms of muda

TIMWOOD

- transport

- inventory

- movement

- waiting

- over production

- over processing

- defects

lean six sigma

combination of two strategies, aims to improve operational and manufacturing excellence that has maximum benefit for the user

crititical path analysis (CPA)

project management method used to analyse all individual stages within a project and plan the effective and time efficient completion of each element within the desired schedule

task analysis

looks at all stages of production and decides where time can be reduced through the removal of waiting for different tasks to be done when others can be done

quality control (QC)

The monitoring, checking and testing of materials, components, equipment and products throughout production to ensure they conform to acceptable tolerances.

material checks

done at the beginning of production to see if they comply with the manufacturing specification

dimensional accuracy checks

done throughout production, to ensure equipment is working accurately

digital measuring devices

can be used to do dimensional accuracy checks

go/no go gauge

used to check the dimensional accuracy of an element to see whether it fits within the tolerance range

co-ordinate measuring machinery (CMM)

allows manufacturers to check a range of predefined measurements on finished components with extremely high accuracy

non destructive teesting (NDT)

checks the internal structure of materials to see if there are any defaults after processing