Teleological (fine tuning) argument

Telos

End or goal

Constants

Physical conditions/numbers that permit life in the universe

Syllogism

1) The fine-tuning of the universe is due to physical necessity, chance, or design

2) it is not due to physical necessity or chance

3) it is due to design

Watchmaker analogy

You find a watch in the desert, either the natural elements randomly formed it there, or someone designed it and put it there

Royal flush analogy

If you are playing cards and someone gets 10 royal flushes, you would assume they are cheating, not lucky

Penny analogy

if someone threw a bunch of Pennie’s against the wall and they all landed face up, you would assume they were playing a trick, not lucky

Firing squad analogy

5 navy reals with 5 rounds fire, but all miss. Either they missed on purpose or the navy seals have bad aim

Ob: Necessity ( the universe had to be this way)

it is more probable to have a life-prohibiting universe, scientists affirm that the natural laws could be different

Ob: chance ( multiverse/super lucky)

Initial conditions for the universe expansion are 1 in 10^10^123

Penrose number

1 in 10^10^123

Constants examples

Tilt of the earth must be between 22.1-24.5, rotation of the earth must be 67000 mph, amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, distance from sun, expansion rate

Ob: there is no fine tuning

Not popular, scientifically wrong

Anthropic principle

We shouldn’t be surprised to see a fine-tuned universe because this is the only universe we would be able to observe

Ob: anthropic principle

Doesn’t actually explain why fine-tuning exists

Multiverse

There is a potentially infinite amount of universes, so we are bound to get at least one fine-tuned one eventually

Ob: multiverse

No evidence, requires a fine-tuned multiverse generator or someone to create them

ob: evolution (evolution exists to fine tune animals to survival)

still doesn’t deal with the initial conditions for life

Ob: Hume’s objection (why not polytheism +we can know nothing about the creater)

We can grant this point, uniformity of design seems to support one designer, we can gather that designer is powerful, timeless, space less, have revelation depending on religion

Ob: evil (if the universe is so well designed why is there evil)

free will, evil requires a standard (God), fine tuning address constants for life not the goodness of that life