UW Madison SOC 210 Midterm

What are the 2 fundamental ideas?

Our lndividual lives (identities, values, behaviors, experiences, outcomes, etc) are deeply shaped by the broader social enviroments in which we live and reality is socially constructed

social structure

a pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society

social interation

the process by which people act and react to one another

functionalism theory

society is like the human body with interrelated parts that work together to make up the whole; social order and stability

Conflict Thoery

society if fundamentally a struggle for resources; Hierarchies(ranking system)

Symbolic interation theory

thoery that people make sense of the world based on their interpretation of words or symbols used by others

culture

the values, beliefs and norms of a society

material culture

the physical things created by members of a society

artifacts

EX:cars phones

non-material culture

The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people.

Artifacts

EX: going out in college

dominant culture (mainstream culture)

the broader culture shared by most members of society

subcultures

cultures that exist within the dominant culture but with its own internal norms and values

EX: bubblr vs. drinking fountain

counterculture

cultures that reject the dominant culture all together and live outside it

EX: amish or cults

Ethnocentrism

judging other cultures by the standards of our own culture.

cultural relativism

understanding the cultures of other societies in terms of their own values and practices

Folkways

weaker norms lacking serious consequences if broken

Mores

stronger norms with more serious consequences if broken

Laws

mores that include official punishments if broken

Functionalist Perspective on culture

culture increases stability of society but can also be dysfunctional based on values of society

Conflict perspective on culture

A society's dominant culture reflects the values and expectations of the powerful, thus contributing to social inequality

Symbolic interaction perspective on culture

Culture is what allows us to successfully navigate social situations. Cultural values and norms help structure our interactions with each other

Socialization

The lifelong process by which we learn our culture and develop a sense of self

Functionalists view on socialization

socialization creates order and stability for society and organizes social life into predictable patterns

Contfilct perspective on socialization

most social structures are also inequality structures and establish durable hierarchies and organized patterns of domination and sub ordination

symbolic interaction theory perspective on socialization

socialization builds our sense of self

what are the 5 fundamental intuitions?

1. Care/Harm

2. Fairness/Cheating

3. Loyalty/Betrayal

4. Authority/Disobedience

5. Sanctity/Degradation

what intuitions do liberals tend to focus more on?

1. Care/Harm

2. Fairness/Cheating

what intuitions do conservatives tend to focus more on?

3. Loyalty/Betrayal

4. Authority/Disobedience

5. Sanctity/Degradation

Social Structure

durable social relationships and organized patterns of activity/behavior

Statuses

Any recognized positions in a given social context

achieved status

status a person chooses

EX:college

ascribed status

status in which we have little to no say in

EX: race, sex

micro level

smaller "primary" groups

- families. friends, church

-personal/emotional connections

Meso Level

Medium sized "secondary" groups

-task/goal oriented

-less personal

-formal group

Macro (large) level

large scale social systems and institutions

-gov

-education

-economy

social interactions

social reality is determined by the meanings we attach to it. Those meanings are constantly being figured out during different interactions

Goffman's Dramaturgy

Presentation of self, impression management, front stage and back stage

Ethnomethodology

the study of how people use background assumptions/ common sense to make sense out of life

The interaction order

the nonstop process of impression management/self presentation during social activities/encounters

bystander effect

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

collective agreement

The employment agreement reached between the union and employer setting out the bargaining unit employees' terms and conditions of employment.

manifest functions

the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

latent functions

the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern

Main points of Mils, "The Sociological Imagination"

A individual must understand their personal experiences with the contect of larger social and historical forces to fully grasp the interplay between personal and public issues

Main points of Williams "Our hard Days' Nights"

-the roles sleep plays in our cognitive ability, relationships, jobs

-sleep effects children's physical and mental health and their ability to sleep may be impacted by the environment

Main idea of Kimmel, "sexual assault on campus"

multiple variable play a role in if a univeristy is labeled a "rape prone" school. examples can be: the size of the school, greek life, sports, etc.

Main Idea of Serenson, "growing up Fore"

-growing up in a isolated environment shaped their unique cultural practices and lifestyles

- didn't get traditional education but learned great observational skills because immersed/expected to do adult activities

OVERALL: societies can function efficiently without an organized structure

Main idea of Watson, "Mcdonlds in Hong Kong"

Quantity has taken over value of quality, jobs have become automated

main idea Freidman "how much do parents matter?"

Parents are just one agent of socializatiobn out of many; they dont matter as much as they think they matter

Main idea of Messner, "boyhood, organized sports and the constructions of masculinity"

Athleteics for young males tend to construct a boys masculenity through the toughness, emotion suppression and the idea they need to "be a man"

main idea of Goffman "presentation of self in everyday life"

individuals engage in a continuous process of managing impressions and presenting themselves in a specific ways to others during social interactions

EX: actors preforming

main idea of "The Code of the Streets"

Explanation of "codes" that guide street interactions. At the heart of the code is the issue of respect/being treated right. The ability to gain street code depends on your environment u are raised in

culture diffusion

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

interaction order

the nonstop process of impression management during social activities/encounters. verbal and nonverbal signs are used to interpret social situations

main idea of Pager "the mark of a criminal record"

having a criminal record creates social and personal consequences like the struggle of finding a job and many face racial discrimination when it comes to being or not being a criminal

The main idea of Tabbi "why isnt wall street in jail"

social status is important is all aspects of life. powerful individuals are able to avoid legal consequences even when they have committed something wrong (illegal)

Cooley's Looking Glass Self

a self-image based on how we think others see us

culture as systems of morality

cultural beliefs, values, and practices shape our understanding of right and wrong