Artificial Intelligence and Information Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering AI concepts, machine learning models, history, natural language processing, and Python-based data science fundamentals.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The technology that allows machines and computers to replicate human intelligence, enabling systems to perform tasks like decision-making, learning from data, and solving complex problems.

Machine Learning (ML)

A subset of AI that uses algorithms to analyze data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention.

Deep Learning

A method that mimics neural networks of the human brain to autonomously uncover patterns and make informed decisions from vast amounts of unstructured data.

ChatGPT

An AI example that uses large language models (LLMs) to generate text in response to questions or comments.

Computer Vision

Technology used by systems like Tesla to power self-driving features on cars by interpreting visual data.

Supervised Learning

A model where the AI is provided with a set of examples where both the input and the desired output (labels) are known, such as teaching a system to recognize handwritten numbers.

Unsupervised Learning

A model where the AI is given input data without labels or explicit instructions, requiring it to find hidden patterns or clusters on its own.

Reinforcement Learning

A type of learning where the AI learns through a system of rewards and penalties to develop a strategy (policy) that maximizes cumulative rewards.

Automaton

A word from ancient Greek meaning "acting of one's own will," referring to mechanical objects that move independently of human intervention.

The Turing Test

A measure of computer intelligence proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 in his work "Computer Machinery and Intelligence."

Intelligent Agent

A subset of AI systems demonstrating adaptive learning, planning, and problem-solving within dynamic environments.

Perception (Intelligent Agent)

The use of sensors or mechanisms to observe and perceive aspects of an environment by collecting data from the physical world or databases.

Actuators

Tools such as wheels, motors, or computer screens that an AI agent uses to interact with its environment through actions.

Sentiment Analysis

The process of classifying the emotional intent of text as positive, negative, or neutral.

Toxicity Classification

A branch of sentiment analysis aimed at classifying hostile intent, including threats, insults, and hatred towards certain identities.

Information Retrieval

The process of finding the documents most relevant to a query from a collection that may number in the millions.

Python

A popular programming language released in 1991 by Guido van Rossum, used for web development, software development, mathematics, and system scripting.

NumPy

Short for Numerical Python, it is a fundamental library for numerical computing that provides efficient multi-dimensional array objects.

Pandas

An open-source Python library built on top of NumPy used for data manipulation and analysis, well-suited for tabular data like spreadsheets.

Matplotlib

A Python library used for data visualization and plotting graphs.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

Specialized neural networks for processing grid-like data, such as images, using convolutional layers to detect spatial hierarchies.

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Neural networks designed to process sequential data like time series or natural language by using loops to retain information over time.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

A system consisting of a generator and a discriminator network that compete to create realistic data.

Transformer Networks

Networks that utilize self-attention mechanisms to excel at NLP tasks like translation and text generation, powering models like GPT and BERT.

List (Python)

A specific data structure similar to an array where data elements can be of different data types.

Tuple (Python)

A Python data structure similar to a list but immutable, meaning its values cannot be modified once created.

Dictionary (Python)

A Python-specific data structure that contains data elements as key-value pairs.

Stack

A linear data structure that follows specific orders of operation: LIFO (Last In First Out) or FILO (First In Last Out).

Queue

A linear data structure that follows the FIFO (First In First Out) order of operation.