Research Ethics in Psychology

Flashcards covering key concepts related to research ethics in psychology.

Scientific Revolution

A historical period starting with Copernicus' discoveries that emphasized observation and experimentation in the understanding of nature.

Heliocentric Model

The astronomical model that places the Sun at the center of the universe, developed by Copernicus in 1543.

Father of Empiricism

Francis Bacon, who advocated for the inductive reasoning method based on observation and experimentation.

Novum Organum

A work by Francis Bacon published in 1620, described as 'The New Method' for scientific inquiry.

Edward Jenner

A physician known for developing the smallpox vaccine by using cowpox to immunize a young boy.

Louis Pasteur

A scientist who created the rabies vaccine in 1885, notably saving a nine-year-old boy.

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

A study conducted from 1932 to 1972 examining the progression of syphilis in African-American men without their informed consent.

Eugenics

The practice aimed at improving the genetic quality of a population, often through controversial methods like selective breeding.

Nuremberg Code

A set of research ethics principles for human experimentation established after WWII, emphasizing voluntary consent and minimizing harm.

Declaration of Helsinki

A set of ethical guidelines established by the World Medical Association for conducting medical research involving human subjects.

Belmont Report

A report from 1978 providing ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects in research.

Milgram Experiment

A famous psychological experiment by Stanley Milgram in 1961, studying obedience to authority figures.

Stanford Prison Experiment

A psychological study led by Phillip Zimbardo in 1971, examining the behavioral effects of perceived power in a simulated prison environment.

Ethics Committees

Groups that oversee research proposals to ensure ethical standards and protect participants' rights and welfare.

Risk/Benefit Assessment

An evaluation process conducted by ethics committees to determine if the risks of a study are outweighed by its potential benefits.