p2 jc

how do you assign a value to a variable in Bash?

variable=value

which command

searches the directories in the ‘$PATH’ variable and displays the location of an executable file

t or f. you can use the rpm command to manage packages on both Debian and Red Hat systems

false. the rpm command is specific to Red Hat based systems for managing individual package files, whereas Debian-based systems use dpkg. the apt and dnf/yum commands are high level tools that manage packages and dependencies more comprehensively

touch command

used to create an empty file in the current directory. if the file exists, it updates the file’s timestamp

if you want to install a new application from your distribution’s repository, which command would you likely use on a Red Hat system?

dnf install. on RedHat based systems, the dnf command is used to manage packages, including installing new software from the distribution’s repositories. for older RedHat based systems, you would use the ‘yum’ command

what is the default directory represented by the ‘~’ symbol in the command prompt?

home directory. this symbol in the command prompt is a shortcut that allows users to quickly navigate to their home directory from any location in the file system

what is the primary use of PHP in web development?

server side scripting. PHP is widely used for server side scripting in web development. it is a powerful tool for creating dynamic web pages, processing form data, interacting with databases, and more. PHP scripts are executed on the server before the resulting HTML is sent to the client’s browser

echo command

specifically designed to display text on the terminal. it is commonly used to print messages, variables, or any other text content to the screen for the user to see

which tool would you use to manage packages and dependencies on a Debian based linux distribution?

apt. the apt tool is used in debian based distributions like Ubuntu for managing packages, allowing users to install, update, and remove software packages efficiently.

what is the effect of using single quotes around a string in bash?

it treats the string literally, without interpreting special characters. the content within the single quotes is taken as-is without any special processing

which license is known for being permissive and allowing proprietary use of the software?

BSD license is known for being a permissive open source license that allows for proprietary use of the software. it imposes minimal restrictions on how the software can beused and distributed, making it a popular choice

GPL (general public license)

known for its copyleft nature, which means it requires derivative works to be licensed under the same terms. it does not allow for proprietary use of the software, making it less permissive compared to other licenses

AGPL

copyleft license similar to the GPL, but with additional provisions for software used over a network. it does not allow for proprietary use of the software and imposes more restrictions compared to permissive licenses like the BSD

FDL free documentation license

license specifically designed for documentation rather than software. it focuses on ensuring that documentation remains free and open, but it does not address the permissiveor proprietary use of software

FLOSS

free/libre open source software, emphasizing both the freedom(libre) and open source nature of the software

FSF free software foundation

advocates for four software freedoms, which include the ability to use, study, modify, and distribute software

Which command deletes the file named 'testing_in_production.txt' in the current directory

rm testing_in_production.txt

rm command is used to delete files

which environment variable contains the list of directories to search for commands?

$PATH environment variable contains a list of directories to search for executable commands

what is the purpose of package management tools like apt and yum?

package management tools like apt (for debian based systems)and yum or dnf (for red hat based systems) are designed to handle the installation, updating, and removal of software packages, along with managing their dependencies

which wildcard character represents any string of zero or more characters?

*

the * wildcard character represents any string of zero or more characters

dual licensing

allows the software to be available under an open source license while also offering a proprietary license for those who require additional services or fewer restrictions

which creative commons license is most similar to a copyleft license in its requirements?

CC BY-SA license requires that derivative works be licensed under identical terms, similar to copyleft principles

what is the result of using the ‘ls -l’ command?

lists files in long format

what is the purpose of the -R option when used with chmod?

to change permissions recursively on all files and directories. the -R option to chmod changes the permissions of all files and directories within a specified directory recursively, which means it applies the changes to all subdirectories and files within that directory

what command would you use to extract the contents of a tarball named “backup.tar” in the current directory?

tar xvf backup.tar. the command “tar xvf backup.tar” is used to extract the contents of a tarball named “backup.tar” in the current directory. the “x” flag stands for extract

what command will search for the word “error” in all files in the current directory and its subdirectories?

grep -r error . the grep command searches for patterns within files. the ‘-r’ (recursive) option tells ‘grep’ to search through all files in the current directory and its subdirectories

/dev directory

contains info qbout every device installed on a linux system

FHS filesystem hierarchy standard

a set of guidelines that define the directory structure and contents on linux and other unix like operating systems

what directory is intended for short term temporary files that may be deleted upon system reboot?

/tmp. the /tmp directory is intended for short term temporary files that may be deleted upon system reboot. applications using this directory should not assume that data willl be preserved between reboots

which command is used to display the current network interfaces and their IP addresses on a linux system?

ip addr show provides detailed information about network interfaces, including their IP addresses

what prompt would you most likely see if you log in as the root user on a linux system named “web?”

root@web:~#.

When logged in as the root user, the prompt typically appears as root@web:~#. The root part indicates that you are logged in as the root user. The web part is the hostname of the computer. The ~ symbol represents the home directory of the user, which, for the root user, is usually /root. The # symbol signifies that you are operating as the root user, in contrast to the $ symbol, which is used for regular users.