Axial Skeleton Muscles Functions

Frontalis

wrinkle skin of forehead, raise eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi

close eyelids

Frontalis

wrinkle skin of forehead, raise eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi

close eyelids

Orbicularis oris

close and purse lips

Risorius

pulls corners of lips laterally (grimace)

Zygomaticus major and zygomaticus minor

pulls corners of lips up (smile)

6. Buccinator

tone in cheek, sucking, whistling

7. Levator palpebrae

opens the eye

Superior rectus

eyeball up

Medial rectus

eyeball medial

Inferior rectus

eyeball down

Lateral rectus

eyeball lateral

Superior oblique

eyeball downward and outward rotation

Inferior oblique

eyeball upward and outward rotation

Masseter

strongly elevate mandible, close jaws

Temporalis

strongly elevate mandible, close jaws

Genioglossus

moves tongue downward and forward

Styloglossus

moves the tongue upward and backward

Platoglossus

elevates the back of the tongue

Hypoglossus

moves the tongue downward and flattens it

Digastric

elevates the hyoid and larynx when swallowing and depresses the mandible

Stylohyoid

moves the hyoid posteriorly and elevates the larynx

Mylohyoid

lifts and helps press the tongue to the roof of the mouth

Geniohyoid

depresses the mandible and moves the hyoid anteriorly

Omohyoid

depresses the hyoid

Thyrohyoid

depresses the hyoid

Sternohyoid

depresses the hyoid

Sternothyroid

elevates and depresses the larynx to create different tones of voice

Sternocleidomastoid

rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head forward

Splenius capitis

rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head backward

Semispinalis capitis

rotates and tilts head backward

Longissimus capitis

rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head backward

Erector spinae

extends the vertebral column

Scalene muscles

work together to flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head and contribute to deep inhalation

External abdominal oblique

twisting at waist; also bending to the side

Internal abdominal oblique

twisting at waist; also bending to the side

Transversus abdominis

Squeezing abdomen during forceful exhalations, defecation, urination,and childbirth

Rectus abdominis

Sitting up

Linea Alba

white, fibrous band hat join at the anterior midline of the body

Diaphragm

pushes abdominal contents down

External intercostal muscles

raise and spread ribs

Internal intercostal muscles

forced expiration only

Coccygeus group

tone supports pelvic organs

Levator ani

controls bowel elimination

External anal sphincter

controls bowel elimination