History interwar period

for each flashcard you must state the date and the effect the event had

Paris peace conference

1919 - led to the signing of the treaty of Versailles

treaty of St Germain

1919 - peace treaty with Austria

redrawing borders and recognizing new nations.

Forbidding Anschluss

breaking up Austro-Hungarian empire

league of nations established

1920 to promote international cooperation and prevent conflicts.

treaty of Sevres

1920 - broke up the ottoman empire

upper Silesia plebiscite

1921 - referendum to determine whether Upper Silesia should belong to Germany or Poland. ROUGHLY 75% Germany, 25% Poland

Aaland islands

1921 - a dispute resolved by the League of Nations, granting the islands to Finland while ensuring autonomy for the Swedish-speaking population.

Washington conference

1921 - promoted naval disarmament between (Britain, Japan, France and USA)

corfu crisis

1923 - Italy invaded corfu(greeceover the murder of an Italian diplomat, leading to a dispute that was settled succesfully by the league of nations

invasion of the ruhr

1923 - leads to hyperinflation in Germany

Locarno treaty signed

1925 - All countries decided to renounce the use of invasion and force, except in self-defence. The Pact reassured France about its borders and Germany about any French invasion/occupation, as had happened in 1923

Greeks invade Bulgaria

1925 - successfully settled by the league of nations

Germany join league of nations

1926 - Shows Germany committing to peace.

Kellog briand pact

1928 - peace between 65 countries (non-aggression pact)

Wallstreet crash

1929 - leads to global economic depression

What was the Manchuria Crisis?

The Manchuria Crisis refers to a series of events beginning in 1931 when Japan invaded Manchuria, a region in China, after fabricating an incident known as the Mukden Incident. This invasion was motivated by its desire for natural resources and territorial control. Following the invasion, Japan established a puppet state called Manchukuo, which led to international condemnation, particularly from the League of Nations, which ultimately failed to take effective action to stop the aggression.

disarmament conference

1932 - countries urged to considered disarmament (mostly ignored by countries though )

Japan leave league of nations

1933 - shows the decrease in Leagues power

Hitler becomes chancellor

1933 - leads to Germany leaving league of nations, Germany ultimately become more aggressive (German rearmament begins )

Abyssinia crisis

1935 - Mussolini invades Ethiopia failure of league of nations

stresa front

1935- agreement between France, Italy and Britain to stop/limit Hitlers increase in power

saar plebiscite

1935- the population of the Saar coalfield, separated from Germany by the post-war treaties, were allowed a plebiscite. and showed that over 90 per cent of the population wanted to reunite with Germany.

Germany remilitarise the Rhineland

1936

axis alliance(anti-comitern pact )

1936 - alliance between Germany and Italy, As well as Japan (in 1937) to limit communist influence

Anschluss

1938

Munich agreement

1938 - Sudetenland is to be given to Czechoslovakia

Hitler invades all of Czechoslovakia

1939(march)

Nazi soviet pact

1939 (august)

Hitler invades Poland

1st of september 1939 - sparks outrage from britain and France Germany given an ultimatum to leave Poland , they don’t and therefore world war 2 begins (spetember 2nd 1939)

What was the Dollfuss Affair?

The Dollfuss Affair refers to the political crisis in Austria in July 1934, when Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss was assassinated by Nazi followers attempting to annex Austria to Germany. His government had been oppressive towards the Austrian Nazis and sought to maintain independence from Germany. The crisis escalated with a failed coup by the Austrian Nazis, leading to increased tensions between Austria and Nazi Germany.