Purdue Bio 110 Lab Practical #1: Lab #2: Diversity of Life

Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya

3 domains of life on earth

Prokaryotes

Have no nuclear membrane

Archaea

Lack Nuclei, live in strange and hostile habitats

Eubacteria

Have a cell wall, most familiar Prokaryotes

Cocci

spherical

Bacilli

rod shaped

Spirilla

helical

Heterotrophic

acquire carbon from organic compounds

Aerobic

Require oxygen

Anaerobic

do not require oxygen

Autotrophic

acquire carbon from carbon dioxide

Photosynthetic autotroph

acquire energy from light

Eukaryote

nucleus, membrane bound organelles

Protists

Eukaryotes that can't be identified as fungi, plants, or animals

Alveolata

Protist with cavities called alveoli beneath plasma membrane

Apicomplexans

Protist, disease causing internal parasites of animal, lives in red blood cells

Apical complex

cytoskeletal apparatus Apicomplexans use to invade their hosts

Plasmodium

amicomplexan that causes malaria

Ciliates

Structures able to move because of cilia (EX: Paramecium)

Dinoflagellates

photosynthetic, unicellular mixotrophs on bottom of food chain in ocean (EX: Peridinium)

Only cyanobacteria and diatoms are more important in food chain of ocean

Stramenopiles

Presences of 2 distinct kinds of flagella on one cell, Photosynthetic autotrophs

brown algae

multicellular form of Starmenopiles

Diatoms

unicellular form of Stramenopiles, encased in a silica shell, appear yellow when they have enough carotenoids

Rhizaria

have slender pseudopodia, heterotrophs, have shells of silica

(EX: Radiolaria)

Excavata

have modified mitochondria

Euglenozoa

In Excavata group, use flagella to move

Trypanosoma

Contain a kinetoplast, causes sleeping sickness

Kinetoplast

Contains DNA and Proteins that help with mitochondrial function in Trypanosoma

Diplomads

Part of Excavata group, have two nuclei, four flagella associated with each nucleus

Giardia

diplomats, water borne human parasite

Amoebozoans

More closely related to animals and fungi, have blunt pseudopods

Amoeb

move by pseudopods, which allows the protist to engulf food

Pseudopodia

In amoebas, are flexible extensions that reach out, attach, and then pull the amoeba along as it shortens while remaining attached

Fungi

Presence of chitin cell walls, all heterotrophs, decomposers

(EX athletes foot, pneumonia)

Zygomycota

Reproduce sexually via hypae, fuse to form gametes, and fuse together to create zygote

(EX: Rhizopus/Mold)

Ascomycota

Includes yeasts, powdery mildew, form reproductive structures called asci

Ascus/asci

form 8 haploid spores

Saccharomyces

Ascomycota, also called Yeast

Basidiomycota

Reproduce VIA basidia (EX: Mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, and puffballs).