nitrogenous waste - bio

how does nitrogen enter the body

• the nucleic acids of DNA + RNA

• proteins as the chemical formula is CHON, the N stands for nitrogen

• protein synthesis of antibodies, enzymes, hormones + structural proteins

• diet

what are the 3 nitrogenous wastes

• urea

• uric acid

• ammonia

how is water gained in the body

drinking

how is water lost in the body

• sweating

• urinating

• panting

• rapid breathing

what detects water concentration in the body

osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

hypertonic

when the solute conc is a higher conc than the solvent

hypotonic

when the solute conc is a lower conc than the solvent

isotonic

when solute + solvent conc are equal

examples of solutes

• sodium

• potassium

• chloride

deamination

removal of amino group from an A.A

how is CHON involved with ammonia

N is removed from CHON, and converted to NH2 then ammonia

what happens to CHO after the N is removed

the CHO is converted to glucose which is then converted to ATP energy

solubility of ammonia

• highly soluble

• in some invertebraes can dissolve in water and pass directly through body surfaces

environmental water availability for ammonia

• high H2O availability

• do not need to conserve water

toxicity of ammonia

• highly toxic

• requires H2O to dilute

energy cost for ammonia

relatively low ATP requirement

fertilisation in organisms that excrete ammonia

external fertilisation