________ affecting a patients ability to taste or causing permanent numbness in the tongue.
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Blanket
________ (open) consent: The consent taken at the time of admission, and practiced in most hospitals that cover almost everything a doctor might do to a patient without mentioning anything specific.
3
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Civic benefit
________: If there is a potential threat of ‘ grave harm to the safety or health of the patient and the public, the doctor must decide whether to inform the authority about the condition.
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Professional Negligence
________: Failure to use reasonable care and skill of an ordinary prudent medical practitioner in the circumstances, resulting in patient harm or death.
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Maloccurrence
________ is often unrelated to the reasonable risks of quality of care that was provided.
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Therapeutic Misadventure
________: A case in which an individual has been injured or had died due to some unintentional /inadvertent act by doctor or his agent or hospital.
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Liability
________: An actual or potential legal obligation, duty or responsibility to another person; the obligation to compensate, in whole or in part, a person harmed by ones acts or omissions.
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terrorist activitiy
Suspected crime: If the physician learns of a crime, such as assault, ________, traffic offence or homicidal poisoning by treating the victim or assailant, he is bound to report it to the nearest Magistrate or police officer.
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Anesthetists
________ and surgeons are not liable for each other's negligence.
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surgeon
The ________ is liable if a swab, sponge, or instrument is left in the patient.
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Hospitals
________ are liable for employee negligence.
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Physicians
________ and surgeons are not liable for competent nurse or other hospital staff negligence unless they directly supervise and control it.
13
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Pharmaceutical
________ and allied health sector industry: A medical practitioner should not receive any gift, cash or monetary grants, travel facility or accept any hospitality.
14
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Hospitals
________ can use records without consent for quality assessment and statistics.
15
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order of succession
The ________ is generally spouse, adult child, parent and sibling.
16
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nerve damage
Over- tight or prolonged use of plaster casts resulting in tissue and ________.
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Hospital management
________ is liable for resident physicians 'and interns 'errors.
18
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Defect
________ was the proximate cause of injury /death.
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Error
________ is so self- evident that the patients lawyer need not prove the doctors guilt with medical evidence.
20
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Notifiable clauses
________: Doctors must report births, deaths, stillbirths, infectious diseases, therapeutic abortions, drug addictions, epidemics, and food poisoning to public health authorities.
21
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Vicarious Liability
________: An employer is responsible not only for his own negligent act, but also for the negligent act of his employees by the principle of ‘ respondeat superior.
22
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Oral verbal consent
________: Obtained for relatively minor examinations or therapeutic procedures, preferably in presence of a disinterested party.
23
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non fit injuria
Volenti ________: A defense to an action in negligence.
24
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Tort
________: A wrong or harm other than breach of contract; breach of a noncontractual duty towards another person which caused harm or loss.
25
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Res judicata
________: Means ‘ the things have been decided.
26
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confidential information exchange
It is a(n) ________ between two people, and it is an exception to the rule of professional secrecy.
27
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Products Liability
________: It refers to the physical agent that caused the injury or death of the patient during treatment.
28
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Physician
________- assisted suicide (PAS): The ________ prescribing a drug or other action to facilitate a patient taking his /her own life, with the committed action taken by the patient.
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addiction
Supply or sell ________ forming drugs to a patient other than medical grounds.
30
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adverse event
The injury or a(n) ________ is caused by medical management rather than by an underlying disease.
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explicit language
Expressed Consent: Specifically stated by the patient in distinct and ________.
32
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Palliative care
________: The provision of reasonable medical and nursing procedures for the relief of physical pain, discomfort or emotional and psychological suffering as well as providing food and water in terminally ill patients.
33
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Eggshell skull rule
________: A legal doctrine used in both civil and criminal law that holds an individual liable for all consequences resulting from their activities leading to an injury to another person, even if the victim suffers unusual damages due to a pre- existing vulnerability or medical condition.
34
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Forensic scientists
________ examine objects, substances, chemicals, tissue traces, or impressions left at the crime scene.
35
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Damages
________: Money awarded in a suit or legal settlement as compensation for an injury or loss caused by a wrongful or negligent act or a breach of contract.
36
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Diagnostic Misadventure
________: When diagnosis is the only objective at that time,
37
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High cost of medical treatment
________: It may pose economic and psychological burden to the patients relative.
38
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Code of Medical Ethics
________: At the time of registration, all the doctors are self- warned about certain unethical practices and disciplinary action by the SMC.
39
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copyrights
Patent and ________: He may patent surgical instruments, appliances, procedures and medicine.
40
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Contributory Negligence
________: The patient's or attendant's unreasonable conduct or lack of ordinary care, combined with the doctor's negligence, caused the injury complained of.
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Self interest
________: In case of civil and criminal suits by the patient against the physician, evidence about patients condition may be given.
42
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Diseases
________ feigned- Ophthalmia, neurasthenia, dyspepsia, aphasia, intestinal colic, sciatica, diabetes, vertigo, spitting of blood, epilepsy, ulcers, insanity, burns, paralysis of limbs, rheumatism, artificial bruise, lumbago, etc.
43
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Medical negligence
________: Where the standard of medical care given to a patient is considered to be inadequate.
44
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Human rights
________: He should not aid or abet torture or be a party to either infliction of psychological or physical trauma.
45
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Unbearable pain
________: Patient should be allowed a dignified painless death, instead of prolonging the same through the torture of pain and disease.
46
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Therapeutic relationship
________: A doctor is free to accept or refuse to treat a patient, subject to constraint of his work, except in emergencies.
47
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voluntary agreement
Consent: A(n) ________, compliance or permission.
48
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Chain of causation
________: In claims in tort, or prosecutions in criminal law, the causal relationship between the defendants wrong doing and the victims loss or injury should be obvious for a successful outcome.
49
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Forensic science
________: Refers to a group of scientific disciplines that are concerned with the application of their particular scientific area of expertise to law enforcement, criminal, civil, legal, and judicial matters.
50
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Declaration of Helsinki
________: It refers to the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data.
51
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Forensic medicine
It is the application of principle and knowledge of medical sciences to legal purposes and legal proceedings so as to aid in the administration of justice
52
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Medical jurisprudence
It is the application of knowledge of the law in relation to the practice of medicine
53
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Medical etiquette
These are the conventional laws and customs of courtesy which are followed between members of the same profession
54
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Medical ethics
It is concerned with moral principles for the members of the medical profession in their dealings with each other, their patients, and the State
55
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Forensic science
Refers to a group of scientific disciplines that are concerned with the application of their particular scientific area of expertise to law enforcement, criminal, civil, legal, and judicial matters
56
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Code of Medical Ethics
At the time of registration, all the doctors are self-warned about certain unethical practices and disciplinary action by the SMC
57
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Hippocratic Oath
It is traditionally taken by physicians, in which certain ethical guidelines are laid out
58
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Declaration of Geneva
It was intended as a revision of the Hippocrates Oath to a formulation of that oaths moral truth that could be comprehended and acknowledged modernly
59
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Declaration of Tokyo
This was adopted in 1975 during the assembly of the WMA
60
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Declaration of Helsinki
It refers to the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data
61
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Declaration of Oslo
It was a statement by the WMA in 1970 on therapeutic abortion and was amended in 1983 and 2006
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Declaration of Malta
The principle of beneficence urges physicians to resuscitate them, but respect for individual autonomy restrains physicians from intervening when a valid and informed refusal has been made
63
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Declaration of Lisbon
The declaration represents some of the principal rights of the patient that the medical profession endorses and promotes
64
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Declaration of Ottawa
Physicians along with parents, and world leaders to advocate for healthy children
65
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Privileged Communication
It is a statement, made bonafide upon any subject matter by a doctor to the concerned authority having corresponding interest, due to his legal, social or moral duty to protect the interests of the community or of the state
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Civic benefit
If there is a potential threat of ‘grave harm to the safety or health of the patient and the public, the doctor must decide whether to inform the authority about the condition
67
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Notifiable clauses
Doctors must report births, deaths, stillbirths, infectious diseases, therapeutic abortions, drug addictions, epidemics, and food poisoning to public health authorities
68
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Suspected crime
If the physician learns of a crime, such as assault, terrorist activitiy, traffic offence or homicidal poisoning by treating the victim or assailant, he is bound to report it to the nearest Magistrate or police officer
69
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Patients own interest
Doctor may disclose patients condition to his relatives so that he may be properly treated
70
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Self-interest
In case of civil and criminal suits by the patient against the physician, evidence about patients condition may be given
71
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Negligence suits
When doctor is employed by opposite party to examine a patient who has filed a suit for negligence, the information thus acquired is not a professional secret
72
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Court ordered examination
If a court orders a physical or mental examination to report back to the court, the person should be informed that the results are not confidential
73
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Court of law
Doctor cannot claim professional secrecy concerning the facts about the illness of his patient in a court of law
74
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Medical Malpractice
Covers all failures in the conduct of doctors, where it impinges upon their professional skills, ability and relationships
75
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Professional misconduct
Where the personal, professional behavior falls below that which is expected of a doctor
76
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Medical negligence
Where the standard of medical care given to a patient is considered to be inadequate
77
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Patent and copyrights
He may patent surgical instruments, appliances, procedures and medicine
78
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Rebates and commission
He should not give or receive any gift or commission in consideration of referring, recommending or procuring of patient for medical, surgical or other treatment, or for getting specimen or material for diagnostic purposes
79
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Secret remedies
He should not prescribe or dispense secret remedial agents of which he does not know the composition
80
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Human rights
He should not aid or abet torture or be a party to either infliction of psychological or physical trauma
81
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Pharmaceutical and allied health sector industry
A medical practitioner should not receive any gift, cash or monetary grants, travel facility or accept any hospitality
82
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Professional Misconduct
Any doctor behavior deemed disgraceful or dishonorable by competent professionals
83
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Red Cross
It is an emblem which is used only by those belonging to the Red Cross Movement and Army Medical Services involved in humanitarian work, mainly at times of armed conflicts and natural disasters, and it is not an emblem of medical professionals
84
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Information
Should receive full information about his diagnosis, investigations, treatment plans, alternative therapy, procedures, diagnosis, complications, and side-effects
85
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Therapeutic relationship
A doctor is free to accept or refuse to treat a patient, subject to constraint of his work, except in emergencies
86
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Formal relationship
It pertains to the situation where the third party has referred the person/patient for impartial medical examination
87
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Professional Negligence
Failure to use reasonable care and skill of an ordinary prudent medical practitioner in the circumstances, resulting in patient harm or death
88
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Act of Omission
Not doing something that a reasonable man, under the circumstances would do
89
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Act of Commission
Doing something which a reasonable prudent man under the circumstances would not do
90
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Tort
A wrong or harm other than breach of contract; breach of a noncontractual duty towards another person which caused harm or loss
91
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Degree of care
The level of caution, prudence or forethought legally required to avoid causing harm or loss to another person
92
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Gross negligence
Negligence beyond the ordinary; a reckless or wanton disregard of the duty of care toward others
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Liability
An actual or potential legal obligation, duty or responsibility to another person; the obligation to compensate, in whole or in part, a person harmed by ones acts or omissions
94
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Chain of causation
In claims in tort, or prosecutions in criminal law, the causal relationship between the defendants wrong doing and the victims loss or injury should be obvious for a successful outcome
95
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Damages
Money awarded in a suit or legal settlement as compensation for an injury or loss caused by a wrongful or negligent act or a breach of contract
96
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Mistake of fact
A situation where a person not intending to do unlawful act, does so because of wrong conclusion or understanding of fact
97
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Res judicata
Means ‘the things have been decided
98
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Volenti non fit injuria
A defense to an action in negligence
99
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Doctrine of Res ipsa loquitur
Professional negligence of a doctor must be proved in the court by expert evidence of another physician
100
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Doctrine of Common Knowledge
It assumes that negligence in the case is a common-sense act, not a medical specialty