Sport Psychology - SML 560 Mid Term

They play sports to have FUN

What is the #1 reason for kids play sports?

1. To display physical competence

2. To gain social affiliation opportunities, such as acceptance and approval from peers and adults

3. To have enjoyable experiences characterized by fun and excitement

What were the main takeaways of the Holt and Knight article?

They think kids play sports is to win

What is the parent’s perception of why kids play sports?

Teens who participate in team sports are happier have increased self esteem, are less anxious and have a decreased risk of suicidal behavior

What is the overall benefit of Youth Sport participation?

They are less likely to use drugs and carry a weapon

What are the benefits of youth sport participation for Males?

They reduce risk of breast cancer, heart disease, and obesity in the future as well as lower rates of teenage pregnancy, smoking and drug use

What are the benefits of youth sport participation for Females?

• Right v Wrong (morality)

• Fairness

• Sportsmanship

• Responsibility

• Inclusion

• How to work hard, be dedicated and persevere

• How to overcome adversity

• How to embrace challenge

• Character building

What are people able to teach that transition to life through sport?

Learning what it takes to continue to be asked to play is the most important of all, being somebody wants to play with, respect from opponents, finding advantages while being fair are all

Why is sportsmanship so important?

To put yourself in difficult different situations for the sake of the team, to emotionally grow stronger and deal with problems and uncomfortable situations

What does it mean to build character?

• How to make friends/ how to be a good friend

• Teamwork: Cooperation and sharing

• Have empathy

• Building trust

• Develop sense of social responsibility

• Societal norms/customs for behavior

What is considered in Pro Social Behavior for an athlete?

The main sport “I am Yup’ik” focuses on basketball

What sport did the documentary “I am Yup’ik” focus on?

The main character’s name of “I am Yup’ik” was Karla O’Rourke

What was the main character’s name of “I am Yup’ik”?

Karla is trying to balance her heritage while also living in the modern world

What was the main character’s biggest struggle in “I am Yup’ik”?

They live in Southwestern Alaska by the Bering Sea

In the “I am Yup’ik” documentary where do the Yup’ik people live?

That sport and moral development are deeply important to sports as well as physical education with coaches, teachers and others leading young athletes to learn life lessons of hard work, respect, integrity

What was the main takeaway from Pennington – Moral Development and Sportsmanship in Phys Ed & Sport?

It is about how in the early 2000s of NFL football players would do things to trick the referees into getting penalties for the other team which would be illegal but they would get away with it.

For Picker’s - if the refs don’t see if there is a penalty there? What is it about?

Reggie played for Michigan

In Student/Athlete what university did Reggie play for?

Reggie is currently a doctor

In Student/Athlete what is Reggie’s current profession?

Reggie played Kicker in American Football at the college level

In Student/Athlete what position and sport did Reggie play?

Negative: It can bring bad sportsmanship and cheating to the game so that they can do anything to win

Positive: It can bring hard work, perseverance and determination to a players character

How can the effect of competition (winning) on teaching moral development through sport in a negative and positive way?

With Gamesmanship it is the art of winning games by using various ploys and tactics to gain a physiological advantage.

What is Gamesmanship?

With Cheating it is to act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain advantage, especially in a game or examination 

What is Cheating?

Gamesmanship is doing it in spirit of the game while cheating is doing so against the rules and the heart of the game itself

What is the difference between Gamesmanship and Cheating?

A person looked to by others as an example to be imitated

What is a role model?

Passion and ability to inspire, clear set of values, commitment to community, selflessness and acceptance of others and ability to overcome obstacles

What are the 5 qualities of a role model?

Role models impact kids the most

Who do role models impact the most?

• Patience with others who don’t understand us

• Expectation to conform

• Financial/Lifestyle decisions

• Social Media conduct

• Time management

• Personal Decisions

What are common human struggles?

Derek Jeter (New York Yankees), Luis a volleyball player (would do anything to. win), Richie McCaw (Rugby Captain for New Zealand)

Who are the Captains in the Captain Class?

Transgender women (turned from men) and traditional women

Who are the 2 groups of people that are upset about transgender participation?

1972

When was Title IX implemented?

Gives men and women an equal amount of scholarships and in turn opportunity.

What does Title IX do?

Burnout is a multidimensional cognitive affective syndrome characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation

What is burnout?

Overtraining, Sport entrapment and Psychosocial stress

What are potential causes of burnout?

An imbalance between training and recovery, often combined with other non-training stressors

What is overtraining?

When athletes perceive an imbalance between sport demands and their ability to meet those demands

What is Psychosocial Stress?

Occurs when athletes think they have to keep playing.  They feel trapped.

What is sport entrapment?

Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness

What are the 3 parts of Self-Determination Theory?

Feelings of personal choice or control

What is Autonomy in accordance to Self-Determination Theory?

Sense of success and being affective in one’s environment

What is Competence in accordance to Self-Determination Theory?

Social connection to others reflected by feelings of acceptance and belonging, less self-determined forms of motivation correlate to elevated perceptions of burnout

What is Relatedness in accordance to Self-Determination Theory?

Anorexia and Bulimia

What are the 2 most prevalent eating disorders?

Most commonly defined as weight 15% below the average, it is having an intense fear of losing weight or becoming fat despite being underweight

What is Anorexia?

Recurrent issues of binge eating, lack of control over how they are binge eating using laxatives, self induced vomiting or other forms of extreme dieting to prevent weight gain

What is Bulimia?

People with Bulimia know they have a problem while people with anorexia do not (typically), anorexia can also be potentially fatal and can lead to starvation or possibly heart disease. Bulimia is not as extreme

What is the difference between Bulimia and Anorexia?

An entire spectrum of exaggerated eating patterns involving increased health risks

What is disordered eating?

Male student athletes are more likely to abuse alcohol in the future

Who is most likely to abuse alcohol in the future among college students?

11% of high school boys have said they have tried steroids, 4 out of 10 have said they were inspired by professional athletes who take them

What is the percentage of teens who have said they have used steroids?

Women use steroids to obtain a more slim, muscular look and to have better weight control as well as reduce fat

Why do young women attempt to use steroids?

Improve performance (increase strength, endurance, alertness and aggression.  Decrease fatigue, reaction time, and anxiety) and to look more attractive to others , cope with pain of injury/rehab and control weight

What are the physical reasons athletes use drugs?

Convenient escape from unpleasant emotions in the course of dealing with competitive experiences and to offset stress caused by trying to balance academic pursuits, training schedules and personal relationships

What are the psychological reasons athletes use drugs?

Chris, Mike(Mad Dog) and Mark (Smelly) Bell

Who are the brothers in Bigger Stronger Faster?

They grew up in Poughkeepsie, New York

Where did Chris, Mark and Mike Bell grow up?

Mike (Mad Dog) Bell wanted to be a professional wrestler

What did Mike (Mad Dog) Bell aspire to be?

False, the Bell family was happy

The Bell family in Bigger Stronger Faster was immediately disappointed when "Smelly" bench-pressed 705lbs because they knew he was on steroids- True or False?

The hero was Arnold Schwarzenegger

Towards the end of the film, the filmmaker meets his childhood hero and is featured in a photo with him on the cover of a newspaper. Who is that hero?

False, The Women in Sport Foundation’s position is not that

True or False:The Women in Sport Foundation's position is that if a transgender athlete transitions after puberty, the effects of taking female hormones negate any strength and muscular advantage that testosterone may have provided and places a male-to-female transgender athlete who has completed her transition in the same general range of strength and performance exhibited by non-transgender females who are competing.

To define “sex” for purposes of athletics under Title IX as biological sex at birth, not gender identity.

What is the Goal of the "Protect Women's Sports Act"?