402.2d - visibility, wind shifts, and turb associated with weather

Visibility can be reduced well in advance of warm fronts because of ____ and the ____.

the shallow slope, generally large band of cloud and precipitation

Ahead of cold fronts, visibility is generally ___. Close to the front, visibility may be reduced in _____.

good, precipitation and mist

After the passage of a cold front, there will usually be ______ in visibility. The air behind the front is usually unstable, and the vertical currents will carry _____.

a marked improvement, suspended particles aloft

Any part of an air mass that is _____ and has recently passed over an industrial region will be loaded with ____ and have poorer visibility than usual

stable, pollutants

Which type of front has reduced visibility well in advance of the front?

Warm front

The passage of the front usually little change in visibility, but usually the worse is just ahead of the front due to _______.

low clouds (SF), fog and precipitation

The wind shift that occurs at the frontal surface is most significant ___. The wind shift associated with flight through a front is more abrupt ____.

in the lower levels, at a cold front than a warm front

Most ____ bring clouds, showers, and a wind shift, while ____ tend to bring fewer clouds and drier weather.

troughs, ridges

Whatever direction an aircraft flies from, when crossing a frontal surface, the aircraft will have to correct its heading _____.

to the right

A dry front can conceal many hazards. The main indicator of turbulence, even in clear air, is the ______ across the front at the surface. If it drops suddenly by ____ at the surface even without the expected cloud development, you are probably experiencing frontal passage.

temperature difference, 5 degrees Celsius

Wind shear occurs if the cold front is moving at ______.

30 knots or more

The degree of turbulence depends on the magnitude of the wind shear, and the amount of shear will depend on the ______. Frontal wind shear is a phenomenon associated with _______ but can be present in warm fronts as well.

the temperature contrasts between the two air masses, fast moving cold fronts

Regardless of whether it is a cold or warm front, the winds will always _____.

veer

What is the main weather phenomena which could indicate turbulence in clear air?

The temperature difference across the front at the surface

The degree of turbulence depends on the magnitude of _____, which depends on the ______ between the two air masses

wind shear, temperature contrasts

When a cold front overtakes a warm front, it forces the warmer air to rise aloft, creating a _____, known as a _____.

Trough of Warm air Aloft, TROWAL

A TROWAL is an area of _____ and generally has the potential to have sustained ______ weather condition.

warm air aloft, MVFR/IFR

Because TROWAL air is warm aloft, it creates a perfect situation for ______.

freezing precipitation, rain, or snow

How are TROWALs represented on a weather map?

A slightly curved line with a barb at the end of it

The weather associated with a front is determined by the moisture content and stability of what type of air? Warm or cold?

Warm

If the slope of a cold front is 1:50 and a station is 200 km inside the cold air, what is the height of the frontal surface over the station?

4 km

As a warm front approaches a station, what will occur first, the wind shift or precipitation?

Precipitation

Following the passage of a cold front, the visibility usually improves due to the air being?

Warmed from below and becoming unstable

True or False: At times, visibility will not improve after a warm front passes a station. This is due to the warm air being moist and the surface being relatively warmer than the air.

False

As an eastbound pilot flies through a cold front, which direction will the pilot have to alter their course to keep their heading?

South