SC114 Nutrition Health & Fitness – Exam 2 Study Guide

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to nutrition, health, and fitness from the study guide.

Lipids (Fats)

Primary function is to store and provide energy, and protect organs.

Essential fatty acids

Fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet, as the body cannot produce them (e.g., omega-3, omega-6).

Unsaturated fats

Fats that are liquid at room temperature and lower LDL (bad cholesterol).

Saturated fats

Fats that are solid at room temperature and increase LDL (bad cholesterol).

HDL

Good cholesterol that removes cholesterol from the bloodstream. - high, around 60

LDL

Bad cholesterol that contributes to cholesterol buildup in arteries. - be-low 100

Proteins

Building blocks made of amino acids; essential for tissue building and repair.

Amino acids

The 20 total building blocks of proteins, including 9 essential amino acids.

Complete proteins

Proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids (e.g., fish, eggs, dairy).

Complementary proteins

Two incomplete proteins combined to provide all essential amino acids (e.g., rice and beans).

Kwashiorkor

A deficiency disease caused by severe protein deficiency.

Carbohydrates

Macronutrients that serve as the main source of quick energy.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting glucose to glycogen for storage.

Glycogenolysis

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose for energy.

Insulin

Hormone that lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake.

Glucagon

Hormone that raises blood glucose by breaking down glycogen.

Fiber

The indigestible part of plant foods that aids digestion.

Soluble fiber

Type of fiber found in oats and apples that lowers cholesterol and heart disease risk.

Insoluble fiber

Type of fiber that adds bulk and promotes waste elimination.

Cortisol

Hormone that raises blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis.

Gluconeogenesis

The process of producing new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.